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Energy-water optimization model incorporating rooftop water harvesting for lawn irrigation

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  • Wanjiru, Evan M.
  • Xia, Xiaohua

Abstract

The management of energy and water is increasingly gaining attention among domestic end-users. In developing countries, potable water supply is unreliable leading to alternative strategies such as rooftop water harvesting (RWH), storage and pumping. Since urban garden irrigation is the highest outdoor water consumer, optimal scheduling is important to conserve energy and water over conventional lawn irrigation methods. A model to optimally control the lawn irrigation was developed with the simulation results showing 17.4% potential water savings when using water directly from municipal sources. With RWH of a 1-h event with 1-mm rainfall from a 120-m2 roof, the model can potentially save 23.4% of water and 73.8% in energy costs per day. Such savings are important in reducing the demand for existing water and energy sources as well as greenhouse emissions. Further, this paper looks into two strategies to maximize the pump’s life through minimizing the maintenance cost.

Suggested Citation

  • Wanjiru, Evan M. & Xia, Xiaohua, 2015. "Energy-water optimization model incorporating rooftop water harvesting for lawn irrigation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 160(C), pages 521-531.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:160:y:2015:i:c:p:521-531
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.09.083
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    3. Charles Kagiri & Lijun Zhang & Xiaohua Xia, 2019. "A Hierarchical Optimisation of a Compressed Natural Gas Station for Energy and Fuelling Efficiency under a Demand Response Program," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(11), pages 1-24, June.
    4. Wanjiru, Evan M. & Sichilalu, Sam M. & Xia, Xiaohua, 2017. "Optimal control of heat pump water heater-instantaneous shower using integrated renewable-grid energy systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 201(C), pages 332-342.
    5. Kagiri, Charles & Wanjiru, Evan M. & Zhang, Lijun & Xia, Xiaohua, 2018. "Optimized response to electricity time-of-use tariff of a compressed natural gas fuelling station," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 222(C), pages 244-256.
    6. Sui, Quan & Wei, Fanrong & Zhang, Rui & Lin, Xiangning & Tong, Ning & Wang, Zhixun & Li, Zhengtian, 2019. "Optimal use of electric energy oriented water-electricity combined supply system for the building-integrated-photovoltaics community," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 247(C), pages 549-558.
    7. Zhang, Xiaodong & Vesselinov, Velimir V., 2016. "Energy-water nexus: Balancing the tradeoffs between two-level decision makers," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 183(C), pages 77-87.
    8. Wanjiru, Evan M. & Zhang, Lijun & Xia, Xiaohua, 2016. "Model predictive control strategy of energy-water management in urban households," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 179(C), pages 821-831.
    9. Arun Shankar, Vishnu Kalaiselvan & Umashankar, Subramaniam & Paramasivam, Shanmugam & Hanigovszki, Norbert, 2016. "A comprehensive review on energy efficiency enhancement initiatives in centrifugal pumping system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 181(C), pages 495-513.

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