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Effective conversion of non-edible oil with high free fatty acid into biodiesel by sulphonated carbon catalyst

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  • Dawodu, Folasegun A.
  • Ayodele, Olubunmi
  • Xin, Jiayu
  • Zhang, Suojiang
  • Yan, Dongxia

Abstract

Interest in biodiesel research has increased over the years due to diminishing petroleum reserves but biodiesel has to be derived from non-edible oils in order to avoid the competition with food supply. Here, we report a one step catalytic conversion of non-edible seed oil, Calophyllum inophyllum with free fatty acid of 15% into biodiesel over biomass-derived catalysts. The effective catalysts were prepared by incomplete carbonization of carbon materials under inert atmosphere and then SO3H groups were introduced to obtain catalysts whose activities are comparable to conventional acid catalysts. At the optimized conditions, high conversion (99%) was achieved. The stability of the catalysts was also investigated.

Suggested Citation

  • Dawodu, Folasegun A. & Ayodele, Olubunmi & Xin, Jiayu & Zhang, Suojiang & Yan, Dongxia, 2014. "Effective conversion of non-edible oil with high free fatty acid into biodiesel by sulphonated carbon catalyst," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 114(C), pages 819-826.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:114:y:2014:i:c:p:819-826
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.10.004
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    1. Arumugam, A. & Ponnusami, V., 2019. "Biodiesel production from Calophyllum inophyllum oil a potential non-edible feedstock: An overview," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 131(C), pages 459-471.
    2. Zhang, Bingxin & Gao, Ming & Tang, Weiqi & Wang, Xiaona & Wu, Chuanfu & Wang, Qunhui & Xie, Haijiao, 2023. "Reduced surface sulphonic acid concentration Alleviates carbon-based solid acid catalysts deactivation in biodiesel production," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 271(C).
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    4. Wang, Yi-Tong & Yang, Xing-Xia & Xu, Jie & Wang, Hong-Li & Wang, Zi-Bing & Zhang, Lei & Wang, Shao-Long & Liang, Jing-Long, 2019. "Biodiesel production from esterification of oleic acid by a sulfonated magnetic solid acid catalyst," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 139(C), pages 688-695.
    5. Abdullah, Sharifah Hanis Yasmin Sayid & Hanapi, Nur Hanis Mohamad & Azid, Azman & Umar, Roslan & Juahir, Hafizan & Khatoon, Helena & Endut, Azizah, 2017. "A review of biomass-derived heterogeneous catalyst for a sustainable biodiesel production," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 1040-1051.
    6. Ebrahimian, Elham & Denayer, Joeri F.M. & Aghbashlo, Mortaza & Tabatabaei, Meisam & Karimi, Keikhosro, 2022. "Biomethane and biodiesel production from sunflower crop: A biorefinery perspective," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 200(C), pages 1352-1361.
    7. Zailan, Zarifah & Tahir, Muhammad & Jusoh, Mazura & Zakaria, Zaki Yamani, 2021. "A review of sulfonic group bearing porous carbon catalyst for biodiesel production," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 175(C), pages 430-452.
    8. Gualberto Zavarize, Danilo & Braun, Heder & Diniz de Oliveira, Jorge, 2021. "Methanolysis of low-FFA waste cooking oil with novel carbon-based heterogeneous acid catalyst derived from Amazon açaí berry seeds," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 171(C), pages 621-634.
    9. Likozar, Blaž & Levec, Janez, 2014. "Transesterification of canola, palm, peanut, soybean and sunflower oil with methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, butanol and tert-butanol to biodiesel: Modelling of chemical equilibrium, reaction kinetics ," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 123(C), pages 108-120.
    10. Chen, Wei & Fang, Yang & Li, Kaixu & Chen, Zhiqun & Xia, Mingwei & Gong, Meng & Chen, Yingquan & Yang, Haiping & Tu, Xin & Chen, Hanping, 2020. "Bamboo wastes catalytic pyrolysis with N-doped biochar catalyst for phenols products," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 260(C).
    11. Vigneshwar, V. & Krishnan, S. Yogesh & Kishna, R. Susanth & Srinath, R. & Ashok, B. & Nanthagopal, K., 2019. "Comprehensive review of Calophyllum inophyllum as a feasible alternate energy for CI engine applications," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 115(C).
    12. Lokman, Ibrahim M. & Rashid, Umer & Taufiq-Yap, Yun Hin & Yunus, Robiah, 2015. "Methyl ester production from palm fatty acid distillate using sulfonated glucose-derived acid catalyst," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 81(C), pages 347-354.
    13. Anietie O. Etim & Eriola Betiku & Sheriff O. Ajala & Peter J. Olaniyi & Tunde V. Ojumu, 2018. "Potential of Ripe Plantain Fruit Peels as an Ecofriendly Catalyst for Biodiesel Synthesis: Optimization by Artificial Neural Network Integrated with Genetic Algorithm," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(3), pages 1-15, March.
    14. Ngaosuwan, Kanokwan & Goodwin, James G. & Prasertdham, Piyasan, 2016. "A green sulfonated carbon-based catalyst derived from coffee residue for esterification," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 86(C), pages 262-269.
    15. Avhad, M.R. & Marchetti, J.M., 2015. "A review on recent advancement in catalytic materials for biodiesel production," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 696-718.
    16. Zimmerman, William B. & Kokoo, Rungrote, 2018. "Esterification for biodiesel production with a phantom catalyst: Bubble mediated reactive distillation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 221(C), pages 28-40.
    17. Vargas, Edgar M. & Neves, Márcia C. & Tarelho, Luís A.C. & Nunes, Maria I., 2019. "Solid catalysts obtained from wastes for FAME production using mixtures of refined palm oil and waste cooking oils," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 136(C), pages 873-883.
    18. Hamideh Faridi & Akbar Arabhosseini, 2018. "Application of eggshell wastes as valuable and utilizable products: A review," Research in Agricultural Engineering, Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, vol. 64(2), pages 104-114.

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