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Spontaneous vegetation as an alternative to cover crops in olive orchards reduces water erosion and improves soil physical properties under tropical conditions

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  • Beniaich, Adnane
  • Guimarães, Danielle Vieira
  • Avanzi, Junior Cesar
  • Silva, Bruno Montoani
  • Acuña-Guzman, Salvador Francisco
  • dos Santos, Wharley Pereira
  • Silva, Marx Leandro Naves

Abstract

This research aimed to study the effects of different cover crops on chemical and physical properties in olive orchards, under tropical conditions, to investigate erosive processes by measuring soil and water losses, and to determine the best management cover crop in olive orchards. We assessed soil and water losses under different cover management practices: olive planted on bare soil (OBS); intercropped olive with spontaneous vegetation (OSV); intercropped olive with jack beans (OJB); intercropped olive with millet (OMI); intercropped olive with sunn hemp (OSH), and bare soil (BS). The experiment was carried out for two hydrological years (2015/2016 and 2016/2017) in the Southern region of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Experimental setup consisted of fifteen standard plots (12 m x 4 m), in a Cambisol, with slope of 0.23 m m-1. In both rainy seasons, treatments with cover crops showed significant efficiency to reduce soil loss. OSV treatment showed good performance in the reduction of water erosion, revealing lower values of total soil loss of 25 Mg ha-1 period-1 and 0.55 Mg ha-1 period-1 in first and second season, respectively. Based on the results, it is recommended to use spontaneous vegetation as a cover crop in olive plantations at least during the first season. This proved to be able to reduce soil and water losses. For subsequent years, a combination or a transition of other cover crops is possible, since soil losses for treatments OJB (0.41 Mg ha-1 period-1), and OSV (0.55 Mg ha-1 period-1) were statistically grouped using a non-metric multidimensional scaling with a good performance (final stress = 0.069). This decision between spontaneous vegetation or a profitable cover crop should be adopted by farmers considering technical and financial aspects.

Suggested Citation

  • Beniaich, Adnane & Guimarães, Danielle Vieira & Avanzi, Junior Cesar & Silva, Bruno Montoani & Acuña-Guzman, Salvador Francisco & dos Santos, Wharley Pereira & Silva, Marx Leandro Naves, 2023. "Spontaneous vegetation as an alternative to cover crops in olive orchards reduces water erosion and improves soil physical properties under tropical conditions," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 279(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:agiwat:v:279:y:2023:i:c:s0378377423000513
    DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2023.108186
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. de Moura, Maíse Soares & Silva, Bruno Montoani & Mota, Paula Karen & Borghi, Emerson & Resende, Alvaro Vilela de & Acuña-Guzman, Salvador Francisco & Araújo, Gabriela Soares Santos & da Silva, Lucas d, 2021. "Soil management and diverse crop rotation can mitigate early-stage no-till compaction and improve least limiting water range in a Ferralsol," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 243(C).
    2. Shackelford, Gorm E. & Kelsey, Rodd & Dicks, Lynn V., 2019. "Effects of cover crops on multiple ecosystem services: Ten meta-analyses of data from arable farmland in California and the Mediterranean," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 88(C).
    3. Alcántara, C. & Pujadas, A. & Saavedra, M., 2011. "Management of cruciferous cover crops by mowing for soil and water conservation in southern Spain," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 98(6), pages 1071-1080, April.
    4. Manuel López-Vicente & Sara Álvarez & Elena Calvo-Seas & Artemi Cerdà, 2022. "Sustainability by Function (SbF): A Case Study in a Rainfed Vineyard to Reduce the Loss of Soil Nutrients," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(7), pages 1-16, July.
    5. J. Kruskal, 1964. "Nonmetric multidimensional scaling: A numerical method," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 29(2), pages 115-129, June.
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    1. Marco Aurélio Barbosa Alves & Adilson Pacheco de Souza & Frederico Terra de Almeida & Aaron Kinyu Hoshide & Handrey Borges Araújo & Apoliano Francisco da Silva & Daniel Fonseca de Carvalho, 2023. "Effects of Land Use and Cropping on Soil Erosion in Agricultural Frontier Areas in the Cerrado-Amazon Ecotone, Brazil, Using a Rainfall Simulator Experiment," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-21, March.

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