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Simulating hydrological and nonpoint source pollution processes in a karst watershed: A variable source area hydrology model evaluation

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  • Amin, M.G. Mostofa
  • Veith, Tamie L.
  • Collick, Amy S.
  • Karsten, Heather D.
  • Buda, Anthony R.

Abstract

An ecohydrological watershed model can be used to develop an efficient watershed management plan for improving water quality. However, karst geology poses unique challenges in accurately simulating management impacts to both surface and groundwater hydrology. Two versions of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), Regular-SWAT and Topo-SWAT (which incorporates variable source area hydrology), were assessed for their robustness in simulating hydrology of the karstic Spring Creek watershed of Centre County, Pennsylvania, USA. Appropriate representations of surface water – groundwater interactions and of spring recharge – discharge areas were critical for simulating this karst watershed. Both Regular-SWAT and Topo-SWAT described the watershed discharge adequately with daily Nash-Sutcliffe efficiencies (NSE) ranging from 0.77 to 0.79 for calibration and 0.68–0.73 for validation, respectively. Because Topo-SWAT more accurately represented measured daily streamflow, with statistically significant improvement of NSE over Regular-SWAT during validation (p-value=0.05) and, unlike Regular-SWAT, had the capability of spatially mapping recharge/infiltration and runoff generation areas within the watershed, Topo-SWAT was selected to predict nutrient and sediment loads. Total watershed load estimates (518t nitrogen/year, 45t phosphorus/year, and 13600t sediment/year) were within 10% of observed values (−9.2% percent bias for nitrogen, 6.6% for phosphorous, and 5.4% for sediment). Nutrient distributions among transport pathways, such as leaching and overland flow, corresponded with observed values. This study demonstrates that Topo-SWAT can be a valuable tool in future studies of agricultural land management change in karst regions.

Suggested Citation

  • Amin, M.G. Mostofa & Veith, Tamie L. & Collick, Amy S. & Karsten, Heather D. & Buda, Anthony R., 2017. "Simulating hydrological and nonpoint source pollution processes in a karst watershed: A variable source area hydrology model evaluation," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 180(PB), pages 212-223.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:agiwat:v:180:y:2017:i:pb:p:212-223
    DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2016.07.011
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Prakash Kaini & Kim Artita & John Nicklow, 2012. "Optimizing Structural Best Management Practices Using SWAT and Genetic Algorithm to Improve Water Quality Goals," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 26(7), pages 1827-1845, May.
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    1. Olufemi Abimbola & Aaron Mittelstet & Tiffany Messer & Elaine Berry & Ann van Griensven, 2020. "Modeling and Prioritizing Interventions Using Pollution Hotspots for Reducing Nutrients, Atrazine and E. coli Concentrations in a Watershed," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(1), pages 1-22, December.
    2. Zeyuan Qiu & Steve W. Lyon & Ellen Creveling, 2020. "Defining a Topographic Index Threshold to Delineate Hydrologically Sensitive Areas for Water Resources Planning and Management," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 34(11), pages 3675-3688, September.
    3. Fekadu Fufa Feyessa & Seifu Kebede Debela, 2022. "Rainfall-Runoff Modeling And Its Prioritization At Sub-Watershed Level Using Swat Model: A Case Of Finca’Aa, Oromia, Western Ethiopia," Water Conservation & Management (WCM), Zibeline International Publishing, vol. 6(1), pages 22-29, February.
    4. Jiang, Fei & Drohan, Patrick J. & Cibin, Raj & Preisendanz, Heather E. & White, Charles M. & Veith, Tamie L., 2021. "Reallocating crop rotation patterns improves water quality and maintains crop yield," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 187(C).
    5. Amin, M.G. Mostofa & Karsten, Heather D. & Veith, Tamie L. & Beegle, Douglas B. & Kleinman, Peter J., 2018. "Conservation dairy farming impact on water quality in a karst watershed in northeastern US," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 165(C), pages 187-196.
    6. Hood, Raleigh R. & Shenk, Gary W. & Dixon, Rachel L. & Smith, Sean M.C. & Ball, William P. & Bash, Jesse O. & Batiuk, Rich & Boomer, Kathy & Brady, Damian C. & Cerco, Carl & Claggett, Peter & de Mutse, 2021. "The Chesapeake Bay program modeling system: Overview and recommendations for future development," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 456(C).
    7. Rath, S. & Zamora-Re, M. & Graham, W. & Dukes, M. & Kaplan, D., 2021. "Quantifying nitrate leaching to groundwater from a corn-peanut rotation under a variety of irrigation and nutrient management practices in the Suwannee River Basin, Florida," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 246(C).
    8. Jingchao Liu & Jin Wu & Shaowei Rong & Yanna Xiong & Yanguo Teng, 2022. "Groundwater Vulnerability and Groundwater Contamination Risk in Karst Area of Southwest China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-13, November.
    9. Ajaykumar Kadam & Animesh S. Karnewar & Bhavana Umrikar & R. N. Sankhua, 2019. "Hydrological response-based watershed prioritization in semiarid, basaltic region of western India using frequency ratio, fuzzy logic and AHP method," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 21(4), pages 1809-1833, August.

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