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Effects of the shallow water table on water use of winter wheat and ecosystem health: Implications for unlocking the potential of groundwater in the Fergana Valley (Central Asia)

Author

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  • Karimov, Akmal Kh.
  • Šimůnek, Jirka
  • Hanjra, Munir A.
  • Avliyakulov, Mirzaolim
  • Forkutsa, Irina

Abstract

This paper analyzes the effect of the shallow water table on water use of the winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) that has replaced alfalfa (Medicago sativa) on the irrigated lands of the Fergana Valley, upstream of the Syrdarya River, in Central Asia. The effect of the shallow water table is investigated using HYDRUS-1D. Numerical simulations show that the contribution of the groundwater to evapotranspiration increases with a rising water table and decreases with increasing irrigation applications. Under irrigation conditions, an increase in the groundwater evapotranspiration is associated mainly with an increase in evaporation loss, causing a buildup of salinity in the crop root zone. Evaporation losses from fields planted with winter wheat after the harvest amount up to 45–47% of total evaporation thus affecting soil salinity and ecosystem health. Promoting the use of groundwater for irrigation in order to lower the groundwater table is suggested to achieve water savings from the change in the cropping pattern. Unlocking the potential of groundwater for irrigation in the Fergana Valley can also contribute toward managing soil salinity and improving the health and resilience of water, land and ecosystems of water, land and ecosystems (WLE).

Suggested Citation

  • Karimov, Akmal Kh. & Šimůnek, Jirka & Hanjra, Munir A. & Avliyakulov, Mirzaolim & Forkutsa, Irina, 2014. "Effects of the shallow water table on water use of winter wheat and ecosystem health: Implications for unlocking the potential of groundwater in the Fergana Valley (Central Asia)," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 131(C), pages 57-69.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:agiwat:v:131:y:2014:i:c:p:57-69
    DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2013.09.010
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    14. S. Li & Wan Luo & Z. Jia & S. Tang & C. Chen, 2018. "The Pros and Cons of Encouraging Shallow Groundwater Use through Controlled Drainage in a Salt-Impacted Irrigation Area," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 32(7), pages 2475-2487, May.
    15. Krupnik, Timothy J. & Ahmed, Zia Uddin & Timsina, Jagadish & Yasmin, Samina & Hossain, Farhad & Al Mamun, Abdullah & Mridha, Aminul Islam & McDonald, Andrew J., 2015. "Untangling crop management and environmental influences on wheat yield variability in Bangladesh: An application of non-parametric approaches," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 139(C), pages 166-179.
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    17. Benedykt Pepliński, 2023. "External Costs to Agriculture Associated with Further Open Pit Lignite Mining from the Bełchatów Deposit," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(12), pages 1-20, June.
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    19. Gao, Xiaoyu & Bai, Yining & Huo, Zailin & Xu, Xu & Huang, Guanhua & Xia, Yuhong & Steenhuis, Tammo S., 2017. "Deficit irrigation enhances contribution of shallow groundwater to crop water consumption in arid area," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 185(C), pages 116-125.
    20. Ibrakhimov, Mirzakhayot & Awan, Usman Khalid & George, Biju & Liaqat, Umar Waqas, 2018. "Understanding surface water–groundwater interactions for managing large irrigation schemes in the multi-country Fergana valley, Central Asia," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 201(C), pages 99-106.
    21. Gao, Xiaoyu & Huo, Zailin & Xu, Xu & Qu, Zhongyi & Huang, Guanhua & Tang, Pengcheng & Bai, Yining, 2018. "Shallow groundwater plays an important role in enhancing irrigation water productivity in an arid area: The perspective from a regional agricultural hydrology simulation," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 208(C), pages 43-58.
    22. Guoshuai Wang & Bing Xu & Pengcheng Tang & Haibin Shi & Delong Tian & Chen Zhang & Jie Ren & Zekun Li, 2022. "Modeling and Evaluating Soil Salt and Water Transport in a Cultivated Land–Wasteland–Lake System of Hetao, Yellow River Basin’s Upper Reaches," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-23, November.

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