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Cambio tecnológico y dinámica industrial en América Latina

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  • Burachik, Gustavo

Abstract

Los temas de este artículo se hallan en la intersección de la literatura sobre cambio tecnológico y aquella sobre dinámica industrial. El análisis se centra en la vinculación entre la forma de acumulación de conocimientos técnicos en una industria y la probabilidad de que la innovación pueda constituirse en el vehículo para el ingreso de nuevas empresas al sector. Los estudios de los países desarrollados abordan este tema a través de dos enfoques: el de los regímenes tecnológicos y el del ciclo de vida de la industria, conceptos ambos de raigambre evolucionista; en el artículo se dedica la sección II a su presentación. En la sección III, tras examinar si las distintas modalidades sectoriales de innovación están asociadas con distintos ritmos, características y perspectivas de supervivencia para los entrantes a la industria, se busca señalar qué conclusiones de dinámica pueden extraerse de la literatura sobre cambio tecnológico en las firmas manufactureras de los principales países de América Latina. Y en la sección IV se ofrecen algunas reflexiones finales. Los principales aportes del trabajo son los siguientes: i); ofrece una perspectiva distinta para la lectura del cambio tecnológico en América Latina e intenta elaborar un concepto equivalente al de "ventaja innovativa" que emplean los estudios de los países desarrollados; ii); sugiere que, en un contexto en el que las empresas innovan principalmente a través de la incorporación de conocimientos desarrollados por otras organizaciones, las empresas ya establecidas tienden a disfrutar de ventajas para incorporar el progreso técnico; y iii); de esto último se desprende que en aquellas actividades en las que la innovación de producto o de proceso define ventajas competitivas para las empresas ya instaladas, la "entrada innovativa" será un fenómeno poco frecuente.

Suggested Citation

  • Burachik, Gustavo, 2000. "Cambio tecnológico y dinámica industrial en América Latina," Revista CEPAL, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), August.
  • Handle: RePEc:ecr:col070:12212
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    2. Segundo Abrahán Sanabria Gómez, 2022. "Progreso tecnológico y desigualdades económicas: una aproximación empírica para Colombia (1974-2015)," Apuntes del Cenes, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, vol. 41(73), pages 85-112, February.
    3. Calá, Carla Daniela & Arauzo Carod, Josep Maria & Manjón Antolín, Miguel C., 2015. "The Determinants of Entrepreneurship in Developing Countries," Working Papers 2072/246964, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Economics.
    4. Martin Borowiecki & Karl-Heinz Leitner, 2015. "Determinants of new business formation in China: Regional evidence from a panel data model," ERSA conference papers ersa15p598, European Regional Science Association.
    5. Calá, Carla Daniela, 2009. "Spatial issues on firm demography: an analysis for Argentina," Nülan. Deposited Documents 1379, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Sociales, Centro de Documentación.
    6. Gennero de Rearte, Ana María & Liseras, Natacha & Graña, Fernando Manuel & Calá, Carla Daniela, 2009. "Características del proceso de generación y difusión del conocimiento tecnológico en dos distritos industriales del sector textil-confecciones," Nülan. Deposited Documents 379, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Sociales, Centro de Documentación.

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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • D21 - Microeconomics - - Production and Organizations - - - Firm Behavior: Theory
    • L1 - Industrial Organization - - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance

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