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Comparative Social Capital: Networks of Entrepreneurs and Venture Capitalists in China and Russia

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  • Batjargal, Bat

Abstract

I compare networks of entrepreneurs and venture capitalists in China and Russia by examining professional social networks of software entrepreneurs and private equity investors from the perspectives of institutional theory and culture paradigm. In the empirical study, I draw on survey data from Beijing and Moscow based on interviews of 159 software entrepreneurs and 124 venture capital decisions. I found that professional networks of the Chinese software entrepreneurs are smaller, denser and more homogeneous in educational specializations, compared with the networks of Russian entrepreneurs. Furthermore, I found that both ties and interpersonal trust in the referral tie are stronger in China than in Russia.

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  • Batjargal, Bat, 2007. "Comparative Social Capital: Networks of Entrepreneurs and Venture Capitalists in China and Russia," Management and Organization Review, Cambridge University Press, vol. 3(3), pages 397-419, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:cup:maorev:v:3:y:2007:i:03:p:397-419_00
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    Cited by:

    1. Olivier Blanchard & Michael Kremer, 1997. "Disorganization," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 112(4), pages 1091-1126.
    2. Jean–Luc Arregle & Bat Batjargal & Michael A. Hitt & Justin W. Webb & Toyah Miller & Anne S. Tsui, 2015. "Family Ties in Entrepreneurs’ Social Networks and New Venture Growth," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 39(2), pages 313-344, March.
    3. Sun, Sunny Li & Chen, Victor Z. & Sunny, Sanwar A. & Chen, Jie, 2019. "Venture capital as an innovation ecosystem engineer in an emerging market," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 28(5), pages 1-1.
    4. Sheila Puffer & Daniel McCarthy & Alfred Jaeger & Denise Dunlap, 2013. "The use of favors by emerging market managers: Facilitator or inhibitor of international expansion?," Asia Pacific Journal of Management, Springer, vol. 30(2), pages 327-349, June.
    5. Wang, Rouzhi & Wu, Chaopeng, 2020. "Politician as venture capitalist: Politically-connected VCs and IPO activity in China," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
    6. Hien Thu Tran & Enrico Santarelli, 2014. "Capital constraints and the performance of entrepreneurial firms in Vietnam," Industrial and Corporate Change, Oxford University Press and the Associazione ICC, vol. 23(3), pages 827-864.
    7. Jay Mitra & Asma Basit, 2021. "Personal networks and growth aspirations: a case study of second-generation, Muslim, female entrepreneurs," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 56(1), pages 121-143, January.
    8. Bat Batjargal & Michael Hitt & Anne Tsui & Jean-Luc Arregle & Justin Webb & Toyah Miller, 2013. "Institutional Polycentrism, Entrepreneurs' Social Networks, and New Venture Growth," Post-Print hal-02276709, HAL.
    9. Hongjuan Zhang & Rong Han & Liang Wang & Runhui Lin, 2021. "Social capital in China: a systematic literature review," Asian Business & Management, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 20(1), pages 32-77, February.
    10. Galina Shirokova & Tatiana Beliaeva & Tatiana S. Manolova, 2023. "The Role of Context for Theory Development: Evidence From Entrepreneurship Research on Russia," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 47(6), pages 2384-2418, November.
    11. Sonja Opper, 2023. "Social network and institution-based strategy research," Asia Pacific Journal of Management, Springer, vol. 40(1), pages 329-351, March.
    12. Yulia Muratova & Jakob Arnoldi & Xin Chen & Joachim Scholderer, 2018. "Political rotations and cross-province firm acquisitions in China," Asian Business & Management, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 17(1), pages 37-58, February.
    13. David A. Ralston & Carolyn P. Egri & Irina Naoumova & Len J. Treviño & Katsuhiko Shimizu & Yongjuan Li, 2020. "An empirical test of the trichotomy of values crossvergence theory," Asia Pacific Journal of Management, Springer, vol. 37(1), pages 65-90, March.
    14. Hom, Peter W. & Xiao, Zhixing, 2011. "Embedding social networks: How guanxi ties reinforce Chinese employees’ retention," Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Elsevier, vol. 116(2), pages 188-202.
    15. Gustavo Barrera-Verdugo, 2021. "Impact of self-perceptions, social norms, and social capital on nascent entrepreneurs: a comparative analysis by level of economic development in Latin American countries," Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Springer, vol. 10(1), pages 1-19, December.
    16. Hongjuan Zhang & Rong Han & Liang Wang & Runhui Lin, 0. "Social capital in China: a systematic literature review," Asian Business & Management, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 0, pages 1-46.
    17. Asma Basit, 2017. "Ethnography of Female Diaspora Networks: The Emerging Case of Pakistani Female Entrepreneurs in London," Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation in Emerging Economies, Entrepreneurship Development Institute of India, vol. 3(1), pages 1-15, January.
    18. Sheila M. Puffer & Daniel J. McCarthy & Max Boisot, 2010. "Entrepreneurship in Russia and China: The Impact of Formal Institutional Voids," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 34(3), pages 441-467, May.
    19. Daniel McCarthy & Sheila Puffer & Denise Dunlap & Alfred Jaeger, 2012. "A Stakeholder Approach to the Ethicality of BRIC-firm Managers’ Use of Favors," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 109(1), pages 27-38, August.
    20. Bat Batjargal, 2012. "The Effects Of Network???S Structural Holes: Polycentric Institutions, Product Portfolio, And New Venture Growth In China And Russia," William Davidson Institute Working Papers Series wp1033, William Davidson Institute at the University of Michigan.
    21. Patrick R. Woock & Yun Fei & Lu Wei, 2016. "Transnational entrepreneurship: factors impacting developed to developing entrepreneur speed to market," International Journal of Pluralism and Economics Education, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 7(1), pages 77-90.
    22. Saul Estrin & Svetlana Poukliakova & Daniel Shapiro, 2009. "The Performance Effects of Business Groups in Russia," Journal of Management Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 46(3), pages 393-420, May.
    23. Bat Batjargal, 2013. "Institutional Polycentrism, Entrepreneurs??? Social Networks, And New Venture Growth," William Davidson Institute Working Papers Series wp1060, William Davidson Institute at the University of Michigan.

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