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Asylum Migration, Borders, and Terrorism in a Structural Gravity Model

Author

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  • Federico Carril-Caccia

    (Department of Spanish and International Economics, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Granada, Spain / Deusto Business School, University of Deusto, Spain)

  • Jordi Paniagua

    (Department of Applied Economics II, Faculty of Economics, University of Valencia, Spain / Kellogg Institute for International Studies, University of Notre Dame, USA)

  • Francisco Requena

    (Department of Applied Economics II, Faculty of Economics, University of Valencia, Spain)

Abstract

In this article, we examine the impact of terrorist attacks on asylum-related migration flows. So far, the literature that examines the “push factors” such as terrorism that explain forced migration has omitted the fact that the vast majority of people forced to flee typically do so toward other locations within the country. The novel feature of our research is the estimation of a structural gravity equation that includes both international migration and internally displaced persons (IDP), a theoretically consistent framework that allows us to identify country-specific variables such as terror attacks. For that purpose, we use information on the number of asylum applications, the number of IDP, and the number of terrorist attacks in each country for a sample of 119 origin developing countries and 141 destination countries over 2009–2018. The empirical results reveal several interesting and policy-relevant traits. Firstly, forced migration abroad is still minimal compared to IDP, but globalization forces are pushing up the ratio. Secondly, terror violence has a positive and significant effect on asylum migration flows relative to the number of IDP. Thirdly, omitting internally displaced people biases downward the impact of terrorism on asylum applications. Fourthly, we observe regional heterogeneity in the effect of terrorism on asylum migration flows; in Latin America, terrorist attacks have a much larger impact on the number of asylum applications relative to IDP than in Asia or Africa.

Suggested Citation

  • Federico Carril-Caccia & Jordi Paniagua & Francisco Requena, 2021. "Asylum Migration, Borders, and Terrorism in a Structural Gravity Model," Politics and Governance, Cogitatio Press, vol. 9(4), pages 146-158.
    • Handle: RePEc:cog:poango:v:9:y:2021:i:4:p:146-158
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Federico Carril-Caccia & José María Martín Martín & Francisco Javier Sáez-Fernández, 2024. "How important are borders for tourism? The case of Europe," Tourism Economics, , vol. 30(1), pages 27-43, February.
    2. Federico Carril-Caccia & Jordi Paniagua & Marta Suarez-Varela, 2022. "Forced migration and food crises," Working Papers 2022.06, International Network for Economic Research - INFER.

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