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The Complexity Of Environmental Migration: Case Of The Returned Burkinabe Fulani Breeders From Bouna Department In Ivory Coast To Noumbiel Province In Burkina Faso

Author

Listed:
  • Yaovi Djivénou Tomety

    (University of Liége)

  • Paula Puškárová

    (University of Economics in Bratislava)

  • François Gemenne

    (University of Liége)

  • Pierre Ozer

    (University of Liége)

Abstract

The issue of environmental migration starts to involve growing number of scholars and policymakers all around the world. Conventionally, environmental degradation is not a sole reason that drives people to move but rather it goes hand-in-hand with other political and socio-economic factors. In March 2016, an inter-communal conflict arose between Lobi farmers and Burkinabè Fulani herders who had settled in Bouna department in the north-east of Ivory Coast after leaving Burkina Faso following the great drought in 1970s. This conflict that appears to be born along a banal fact of pillaging the Lobi farmers' fields by the cattle of Burkinabe Fulani herders had serious consequences: numerous injuries, several casualties, capital destruction, and economic losses. Eventually, the conflict led to displacement of few thousand people to the province of Noumbiel in Burkina Faso. The analysis of the roots of this massive displacement points to the growing local demand for natural resources and to the management of agricultural lands what got aggravated along social issues of chieftaincy among different ethnic groups in the Bouna area. The increase in the area of agricultural land has led to shrinkages in the area of rangelands and the degradation of forest resources, thus reducing pasture acreage of cattle herds. Although clashes between stockbreeders and agriculturists had been taking place in the neighbourhood for many years, the situation appeared to escalate up to the point of prompting people to move for the first time. Even though the displaced people in this case are considered returnees to their home country, the years of staying in Ivory Coast destroyed almost all social and economic linkages in their home country. The situation led to humanitarian crisis marked by limited access to UN support since the status of returnees did not qualify for refugee. The support was provided by local Burkinabe government and NGOs.

Suggested Citation

  • Yaovi Djivénou Tomety & Paula Puškárová & François Gemenne & Pierre Ozer, 2018. "The Complexity Of Environmental Migration: Case Of The Returned Burkinabe Fulani Breeders From Bouna Department In Ivory Coast To Noumbiel Province In Burkina Faso," Medzinarodne vztahy (Journal of International Relations), Ekonomická univerzita, Fakulta medzinárodných vzťahov, vol. 16(1), pages 22-38.
    • Handle: RePEc:brv:journl:v:16:y:2018:i:1:p:22-38
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Austvik, Ole Gunnar, 2016. "The Energy Union and security-of-gas supply," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 96(C), pages 372-382.
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    Cited by:

    1. Michaela Čiefová, 2019. "Slovakia´s Participation in Environmental Diplomacy," Současná Evropa, Prague University of Economics and Business, vol. 2019(2), pages 40-52.
    2. Michaela Čiefová, 2019. "Slovakia´s Participation in Environmental Diplomacy," Současná Evropa, Prague University of Economics and Business, vol. 2019(2), pages 40-52.
    3. Michaela Čiefová, 2019. "Slovakia´s Participation in Environmental Diplomacy," Současná Evropa, Prague University of Economics and Business, vol. 2019(2), pages 40-52.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    environmental migration; drought; agricultural land; intercommunal conflict; returnees; reintegration;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • Q54 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Climate; Natural Disasters and their Management; Global Warming
    • F22 - International Economics - - International Factor Movements and International Business - - - International Migration

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