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A Geospatial Analysis of Temporary Housing Inequality among Socially Marginalized and Privileged Groups in India

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  • Pritam Ghosh
  • Asraful Alam
  • Nilanjana Ghosal
  • Debodatta Saha

Abstract

A major obstruction of Indian society to establish equality, balanced growth and development is regional and social group‐wise inequality in availing even basic human needs as well as housing conditions. The present study focuses on mapping the nationwide spatial disparity in the distribution and inequality of temporary housing among socially marginalized and privileged groups, along with three administrative hierarchies: National–State–District. Varieties of measures (Lorenz curve, Gini coefficient, correlation, and quadrant analysis) have been employed for this study. The results indicate inequality in the spatial distribution of serviceable and non‐serviceable temporary housing in India, along with a geospatial disparity in the ownership of temporary housing among different social groups. A number of districts in Orissa, Jharkhand, Bihar, West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Jammu Kashmir, and Tamil Nadu have shown a higher proportion of temporary housing along with more ownership among socially marginalized groups. Besides this, districts from Bihar, Orissa, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya, Nagaland, and Tripura have higher proportion of non‐serviceable temporary housing than the national average, along with more ownership among marginalized groups. The categorization of the states and districts based on social group‐wise inequality in the ownership and the concentration of temporary housing is significant for improving of the policies and initiatives taken by the Government to arrange safe, affordable, adequate, and sustainable housing for all. Uno de los principales obstáculos de la sociedad india para establecer la igualdad, el crecimiento equilibrado y el desarrollo es la desigualdad regional y por grupos sociales para satisfacer incluso las necesidades humanas básicas, así como las condiciones de la vivienda. El presente estudio se centra en el mapeo de la disparidad espacial a nivel nacional en la distribución y desigualdad de la vivienda temporal entre los grupos socialmente marginados y privilegiados, junto con tres jerarquías administrativas: nacional, estatal, y de distrito. Para este estudio se han empleado diversas medidas (curva de Lorenz, coeficiente de Gini, correlación y análisis de cuadrantes). Los resultados indican una desigualdad en la distribución espacial de las viviendas temporales utilizables y no utilizables en la India, junto con una disparidad geoespacial en la propiedad de las viviendas temporales entre los diferentes grupos sociales. Varios distritos de Orissa, Jharkhand, Bihar, Bengala Occidental, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Jammu Kashmir y Tamil Nadu han mostrado una mayor proporción de viviendas temporales, así como más propietarios entre los grupos socialmente marginados. Además, los distritos de Bihar, Orissa, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya, Nagaland y Tripura tienen una mayor proporción de viviendas temporales no utilizables que la media nacional, junto con más propietarios de entre los grupos marginados. La categorización de los estados y distritos en función de la desigualdad de los grupos sociales en cuanto a la propiedad y la concentración de viviendas temporales es importante para mejorar las políticas e iniciativas adoptadas por el Gobierno para organizar viviendas seguras, asequibles, adecuadas y sostenibles para todos. インド社会において、平等で、均衡のとれた成長及び発展を確立するうえで、居住条件さえも含む人間の基本的なニーズを利用することにおける、地域的及び社会的集団的な不平等が、主な障害となっている。本研究では、社会的に疎外された集団と特権を与えられた集団における仮設住宅の分布と不平等の全国的な空間的格差を、3つの管理階層(国家‐州‐郡)でマッピングすることに焦点を当てる。この研究では、様々な分析方法 (ローレンツ曲線、ジニ係数、相関分析、4象限分割分析)を使用した。結果から、異なる社会集団の仮設住宅の所有における地理的な不均衡とともに、インドにおける使用可能及び使用不可能な仮設住宅の不均衡な空間的分布が示された。オリッサ州、ジャールカンド州、ビハール州、西ベンガル州、ウッタル・プラデーシュ州、ラージャスターン州、ジャンム・カシミール州、タミル・ナードゥ州の多くの地区では、社会的に疎外された集団の間で仮設住宅の割合が高く、仮設の所有の割合も高いことが示されている。これに加えて、ビハール州、オリッサ州、アルナーチャル・プラデーシュ州、アッサム州、メガラヤ州、ナガランド州、トリプラ州の地区は、社会的に疎外された集団で仮設の所有がより多く、使用不可能な仮設住宅の割合が全国的な平均よりも高い。すべての人々のために安全で、手頃で、適切で、持続可能な住宅を手配するために政府が取った政策とイニシアチブを改善するためには、所有と仮設住宅の集中における社会的集団的な不平等に基づいて州と地区を分類することが重要である。

Suggested Citation

  • Pritam Ghosh & Asraful Alam & Nilanjana Ghosal & Debodatta Saha, 2021. "A Geospatial Analysis of Temporary Housing Inequality among Socially Marginalized and Privileged Groups in India," Regional Science Policy & Practice, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 13(3), pages 798-819, June.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:rgscpp:v:13:y:2021:i:3:p:798-819
    DOI: 10.1111/rsp3.12425
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