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Urbanization, waitlisted children, and childcare support in a two‐region overlapping generations model

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  • Hiroyuki Hashimoto
  • Tohru Naito

Abstract

We present a two‐region overlapping generations model to analyze the effect of an urban childcare policy that decreases the ‘standby probability’ with which children are waitlisted for childcare facilities. When parents devote a portion of their time to childcare, such a policy increases urban fertility and changes the population distribution between regions, capital accumulation, and social welfare in the long run. The urban population ratio decreases in the short run but increases in the long run when the steady state moves from dispersion to dispersion. Though the fertility in the economy may decrease or increase in the short run, it increases in the long run when the steady state moves from agglomeration (or dispersion) to dispersion. Welfare is improved in any type of move (with a plausible assumption). Governments should operate their local childcare policies while considering the long‐run effects on the population distribution between regions. En este artículo se presenta un modelo de generaciones solapadas de dos regiones para analizar el efecto de una política urbana de cuidado infantil que disminuya la ‘probabilidad de espera’ con la que los niños son puestos en lista de espera para las instalaciones de cuidado infantil. Cuando los padres dedican una parte de su tiempo al cuidado de los hijos, esa política aumenta la fertilidad urbana y cambia a largo plazo la distribución de la población entre las regiones, la acumulación de capital y el bienestar social. La proporción de población urbana disminuye a corto plazo, pero aumenta a largo plazo cuando el estado estacionario pasa de la dispersión a la dispersión. Aunque la fertilidad en la economía puede disminuir o aumentar a corto plazo, a largo plazo aumenta cuando el estado estacionario pasa de la aglomeración (o la dispersión) a la dispersión. El bienestar mejora con cualquier tipo de movimiento (bajo un supuesto plausible). Los gobiernos deberían aplicar sus políticas locales de cuidado infantil teniendo en cuenta los efectos a largo plazo en la distribución de la población entre las regiones. 都市部の保育政策が「待機確率」、すなわち児童が保育施設への入所待機者となる確率を低減させる効果を分析する2地域世代重複モデルを提示する。子供の両親が自分の時間のうちのある一定の時間を保育に充てる場合、保育政策により都市部の出生率が上昇し、長期的には、地域間の人口分布や資本蓄積及び社会福祉に変化が起こる。都市部の人口比率は、短期的には減少するが、定常状態が分散から分散に移行すると、長期的には増加する。経済における生産力は、短期的には減少あるいは増加するが、長期的には定常状態が集積 (または分散)から分散に移行すると増加する。福祉は、(最も妥当な仮定では)どのような動向であっても改善される。政府は地域間の人口分布が受ける長期的な影響を考慮しながら、地域の保育政策を運営すべきである。

Suggested Citation

  • Hiroyuki Hashimoto & Tohru Naito, 2021. "Urbanization, waitlisted children, and childcare support in a two‐region overlapping generations model," Regional Science Policy & Practice, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 13(3), pages 1068-1089, June.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:rgscpp:v:13:y:2021:i:3:p:1068-1089
    DOI: 10.1111/rsp3.12377
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