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ARM Wrestling: Valuing Adjustable Rate Mortgages Indexed to the Eleventh District Cost of Funds

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  • Richard Stanton
  • Nancy Wallace

Abstract

This article analyzes adjustable rate mortgages (ARMs) based on the Eleventh District Cost of Funds Index (EDCOFI). The behavior of EDCOFI was examined over the period 1981–1993. Adjustments in this index lag substantially behind term structure fluctuations. Also, the seasonality and days‐in‐the‐month effects noted by previous authors are really symptoms of a January effect. A finite difference valuation algorithm was developed which accounts for all usual ARM contractual features, in addition to the dynamics of EDCOFI. This pricing algorithm allows us to determine endogenously the optimal prepayment strategy for mortgage holders, and hence the value of their prepayment options. The dynamics of EDCOFI give significant value to this option, typically around 0.5% of the remaining principal on the loan.

Suggested Citation

  • Richard Stanton & Nancy Wallace, 1995. "ARM Wrestling: Valuing Adjustable Rate Mortgages Indexed to the Eleventh District Cost of Funds," Real Estate Economics, American Real Estate and Urban Economics Association, vol. 23(3), pages 311-345, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:reesec:v:23:y:1995:i:3:p:311-345
    DOI: 10.1111/1540-6229.00667
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    Cited by:

    1. Isil Erol & Kanak Patel, 2007. "Pricing the Default Option of Inflation-Indexed Mortgages Using Explicit Finite Difference Method," International Real Estate Review, Global Social Science Institute, vol. 10(1), pages 48-92.
    2. Lin, Che-Chun & Prather, Larry J. & Chu, Ting-Heng & Tsay, Jing-Tang, 2013. "Differential default risk among traditional and non-traditional mortgage products and capital adequacy standards," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 27(C), pages 115-122.
    3. Yongheng Deng & Della Zheng & Changfeng Ling, 2005. "An Early Assessment of Residential Mortgage Performance in China," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 31(2), pages 117-136, September.
    4. Wayne Passmore & Alexander H. von Hafften, 2018. "Financing Affordable and Sustainable Homeownership with Fixed-COFI Mortgages," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2018-009, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
    5. Passmore, Stuart Wayne & von Hafften, Alexander H., 2020. "Financing affordable and sustainable homeownership with Fixed-COFI mortgages," Regional Science and Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 80(C).
    6. Sprecher, C. R. & Willman, Elliott, 1998. "The Margin Paradox in Adjustable-Rate Mortgages," Journal of Housing Economics, Elsevier, vol. 7(2), pages 180-190, June.
    7. Werner Hürlimann, 2012. "Valuation of fixed and variable rate mortgages: binomial tree versus analytical approximations," Decisions in Economics and Finance, Springer;Associazione per la Matematica, vol. 35(2), pages 171-202, November.
    8. Hancock, Diana & Passmore, Wayne, 2016. "Cost of funds indexed mortgage contracts with government-backed catastrophic insurance (COFI-Cats): A realistic alternative to the 30-year fixed-rate mortgage?," Journal of Economics and Business, Elsevier, vol. 84(C), pages 109-130.
    9. Wayne Passmore & Alexander H. von Hafften, 2017. "Improving the 30-Year Fixed-Rate Mortgage," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2017-090, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
    10. Jerry Nickelsburg & William Yu, 2021. "On the Consequences of the Discontinuation of the Eleventh District Cost of Funds Index," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 63(1), pages 143-160, July.
    11. Jane K. Dokko & Brian M. Doyle & Skander J. van den Heuvel & Michael T. Kiley & Jinill Kim & Shane M. Sherlund & Jae W. Sim, 2009. "Monetary policy and the housing bubble," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2009-49, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
    12. Duffie, Darrell, 2003. "Intertemporal asset pricing theory," Handbook of the Economics of Finance, in: G.M. Constantinides & M. Harris & R. M. Stulz (ed.), Handbook of the Economics of Finance, edition 1, volume 1, chapter 11, pages 639-742, Elsevier.

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