IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/spr/decfin/v35y2012i2p171-202.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Valuation of fixed and variable rate mortgages: binomial tree versus analytical approximations

Author

Listed:
  • Werner Hürlimann

Abstract

The recombining binomial tree approach, which has been initiated by Cox et al. (J Financ Econ 7: 229–263, 1979 ) and extended to arbitrary diffusion models by Nelson and Ramaswamy (Rev Financ Stud 3(3): 393–430, 1990 ) and Hull and White (J Financ Quant Anal 25: 87–100, 1990a ), is applied to the simultaneous evaluation of price and Greeks for the amortized fixed and variable rate mortgage prepayment option. We consider the simplified binomial tree approximation to arbitrary diffusion processes by Costabile and Massabo (J Deriv 17(3): 65–85, 2010 ) and analyze its numerical applicability to the mortgage valuation problem for some Vasicek and CIR-like interest rate models. For fixed rates and binomial trees with about thousand steps, we obtain very good results. For the Vasicek model, we also compare the closed-form analytical approximation of the callable fixed rate mortgage price by Xie (IAENG Int J Appl Math 39(1): 9, 2009 ) with its binomial tree counterpart. With respect to the binomial tree values one observes a systematic underestimation (overestimation) of the callable mortgage price (prepayment option price) analytical approximation. This numerical discrepancy increases at longer maturities and becomes impractical for a valuable estimation of the prepayment option price. Copyright Springer-Verlag 2012

Suggested Citation

  • Werner Hürlimann, 2012. "Valuation of fixed and variable rate mortgages: binomial tree versus analytical approximations," Decisions in Economics and Finance, Springer;Associazione per la Matematica, vol. 35(2), pages 171-202, November.
  • Handle: RePEc:spr:decfin:v:35:y:2012:i:2:p:171-202
    DOI: 10.1007/s10203-011-0117-z
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1007/s10203-011-0117-z
    Download Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1007/s10203-011-0117-z?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Andrew Kalotay & Deane Yang & Frank J. Fabozzi, 2004. "An Option-Theoretic Prepayment Model For Mortgages And Mortgage-Backed Securities," International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Finance (IJTAF), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 7(08), pages 949-978.
    2. John C. Cox & Jonathan E. Ingersoll Jr. & Stephen A. Ross, 2005. "A Theory Of The Term Structure Of Interest Rates," World Scientific Book Chapters, in: Sudipto Bhattacharya & George M Constantinides (ed.), Theory Of Valuation, chapter 5, pages 129-164, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd..
    3. Richard Stanton & Nancy Wallace, 1995. "ARM Wrestling: Valuing Adjustable Rate Mortgages Indexed to the Eleventh District Cost of Funds," Real Estate Economics, American Real Estate and Urban Economics Association, vol. 23(3), pages 311-345, September.
    4. Kau, James B, et al, 1992. "A Generalized Valuation Model for Fixed-Rate Residential Mortgages," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 24(3), pages 279-299, August.
    5. Vasicek, Oldrich, 1977. "An equilibrium characterization of the term structure," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 5(2), pages 177-188, November.
    6. Sumit Agarwal & John C. Driscoll & David I. Laibson, 2013. "Optimal Mortgage Refinancing: A Closed‐Form Solution," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 45(4), pages 591-622, June.
    7. Nelson, Daniel B & Ramaswamy, Krishna, 1990. "Simple Binomial Processes as Diffusion Approximations in Financial Models," Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 3(3), pages 393-430.
    8. Denis Belomestny & G. Milstein & John Schoenmakers, 2010. "Sensitivities for Bermudan options by regression methods," Decisions in Economics and Finance, Springer;Associazione per la Matematica, vol. 33(2), pages 117-138, November.
    9. Hans‐Jürg Büttler & Jorg Waldvogel, 1996. "Pricing Callable Bonds By Means Of Green'S Function1," Mathematical Finance, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 6(1), pages 53-88, January.
    10. Arden R. Hall, 1985. "Valuing the Mortgage Borrower's Prepayment Option," Real Estate Economics, American Real Estate and Urban Economics Association, vol. 13(3), pages 229-247, September.
    11. Longstaff, Francis A & Schwartz, Eduardo S, 2001. "Valuing American Options by Simulation: A Simple Least-Squares Approach," University of California at Los Angeles, Anderson Graduate School of Management qt43n1k4jb, Anderson Graduate School of Management, UCLA.
    12. Chen, Ren-Raw & Scott, Louis, 2003. "Multi-factor Cox-Ingersoll-Ross Models of the Term Structure: Estimates and Tests from a Kalman Filter Model," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 27(2), pages 143-172, September.
    13. Longstaff, Francis A & Schwartz, Eduardo S, 2001. "Valuing American Options by Simulation: A Simple Least-Squares Approach," Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 14(1), pages 113-147.
    14. R. Glenn Hubbard, 1991. "Financial Markets and Financial Crises," NBER Books, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number glen91-1, August.
    15. Miltersen, Kristian R & Sandmann, Klaus & Sondermann, Dieter, 1997. "Closed Form Solutions for Term Structure Derivatives with Log-Normal Interest Rates," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 52(1), pages 409-430, March.
    16. Wallner, Christian & Wystup, Uwe, 2004. "Efficient computation of option price sensitivities for options of American style," CPQF Working Paper Series 1, Frankfurt School of Finance and Management, Centre for Practical Quantitative Finance (CPQF).
    17. Eduardo S. Schwartz & Walter N. Torous, 1991. "Caps on Adjustable Rate Mortgages: Valuation, Insurance, and Hedging," NBER Chapters, in: Financial Markets and Financial Crises, pages 283-304, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    18. Kau, James B & Keenan, Donald C & Muller, Walter J, III & Epperson, James F, 1993. "Option Theory and Floating-Rate Securities with a Comparison of Adjustable- and Fixed-Rate Mortgages," The Journal of Business, University of Chicago Press, vol. 66(4), pages 595-618, October.
    19. Alan Brace & Dariusz G¸atarek & Marek Musiela, 1997. "The Market Model of Interest Rate Dynamics," Mathematical Finance, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 7(2), pages 127-155, April.
    20. Nicholas Sharp & David Newton & Peter Duck, 2008. "An Improved Fixed-Rate Mortgage Valuation Methodology with Interacting Prepayment and Default Options," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 36(3), pages 307-342, April.
    21. Vasicek, Oldrich Alfonso, 1977. "Abstract: An Equilibrium Characterization of the Term Structure," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 12(4), pages 627-627, November.
    22. Giulia De Rossi & Tiziano Vargiolu, 2010. "Optimal prepayment and default rules for mortgage-backed securities," Decisions in Economics and Finance, Springer;Associazione per la Matematica, vol. 33(1), pages 23-47, May.
    23. Schwartz, Eduardo S & Torous, Walter N, 1992. "Prepayment, Default, and the Valuation of Mortgage Pass-through Securities," The Journal of Business, University of Chicago Press, vol. 65(2), pages 221-239, April.
    24. Stanton, Richard, 1995. "Rational Prepayment and the Valuation Mortgage-Backed Securities," Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 8(3), pages 677-708.
    25. Cox, John C. & Ross, Stephen A. & Rubinstein, Mark, 1979. "Option pricing: A simplified approach," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 7(3), pages 229-263, September.
    26. Nicholas Sharp & Paul Johnson & David Newton & Peter Duck, 2009. "A New Prepayment Model (with Default): An Occupation-time Derivative Approach," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 39(2), pages 118-145, August.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Lim, Terence & Lo, Andrew W. & Merton, Robert C. & Scholes, Myron S., 2006. "The Derivatives Sourcebook," Foundations and Trends(R) in Finance, now publishers, vol. 1(5–6), pages 365-572, April.
    2. Duffie, Darrell, 2003. "Intertemporal asset pricing theory," Handbook of the Economics of Finance, in: G.M. Constantinides & M. Harris & R. M. Stulz (ed.), Handbook of the Economics of Finance, edition 1, volume 1, chapter 11, pages 639-742, Elsevier.
    3. Mark Broadie & Jerome B. Detemple, 2004. "ANNIVERSARY ARTICLE: Option Pricing: Valuation Models and Applications," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 50(9), pages 1145-1177, September.
    4. Chia-Chien Chang & Min-Teh Yu, 2017. "Valuing Vulnerable Mortgage Insurance Under Capital Forbearance," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 54(4), pages 558-578, May.
    5. Suresh M. Sundaresan, 2000. "Continuous‐Time Methods in Finance: A Review and an Assessment," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 55(4), pages 1569-1622, August.
    6. Dai, Qiang & Singleton, Kenneth J., 2003. "Fixed-income pricing," Handbook of the Economics of Finance, in: G.M. Constantinides & M. Harris & R. M. Stulz (ed.), Handbook of the Economics of Finance, edition 1, volume 1, chapter 20, pages 1207-1246, Elsevier.
    7. Beliaeva, Natalia & Nawalkha, Sanjay, 2012. "Pricing American interest rate options under the jump-extended constant-elasticity-of-variance short rate models," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 36(1), pages 151-163.
    8. Chuang-Chang Chang & Jun-Biao Lin & Wei-Che Tsai & Yaw-Huei Wang, 2012. "Using Richardson extrapolation techniques to price American options with alternative stochastic processes," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 39(3), pages 383-406, October.
    9. Bilgi Yilmaz & A. Sevtap Selcuk-Kestel, 2019. "Computation of Hedging Coefficients for Mortgage Default and Prepayment Options: Malliavin Calculus Approach," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 59(4), pages 673-697, November.
    10. Bjork, Tomas, 2009. "Arbitrage Theory in Continuous Time," OUP Catalogue, Oxford University Press, edition 3, number 9780199574742, Decembrie.
    11. Chen, Ding & Härkönen, Hannu J. & Newton, David P., 2014. "Advancing the universality of quadrature methods to any underlying process for option pricing," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 114(3), pages 600-612.
    12. Anna Battauz & Francesco Rotondi, 2022. "American options and stochastic interest rates," Computational Management Science, Springer, vol. 19(4), pages 567-604, October.
    13. Francesco Rotondi, 2019. "American Options on High Dividend Securities: A Numerical Investigation," Risks, MDPI, vol. 7(2), pages 1-20, May.
    14. Raoul Pietersz & Antoon Pelsser, 2010. "A comparison of single factor Markov-functional and multi factor market models," Review of Derivatives Research, Springer, vol. 13(3), pages 245-272, October.
    15. Xiao Lin, 2016. "The Zero-Coupon Rate Model for Derivatives Pricing," Papers 1606.01343, arXiv.org, revised Feb 2022.
    16. Ravi Kashyap, 2016. "Options as Silver Bullets: Valuation of Term Loans, Inventory Management, Emissions Trading and Insurance Risk Mitigation using Option Theory," Papers 1609.01274, arXiv.org, revised Mar 2022.
    17. Dariusz Gatarek & Juliusz Jabłecki, 2021. "Between Scylla and Charybdis: The Bermudan Swaptions Pricing Odyssey," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 9(2), pages 1-32, January.
    18. Jonathan A. Batten & Karren Lee-Hwei Khaw & Martin R. Young, 2014. "Convertible Bond Pricing Models," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 28(5), pages 775-803, December.
    19. Maya Briani & Lucia Caramellino & Giulia Terenzi & Antonino Zanette, 2019. "Numerical Stability Of A Hybrid Method For Pricing Options," International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Finance (IJTAF), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 22(07), pages 1-46, November.
    20. Carl Chiarella & Xue-Zhong He & Christina Sklibosios Nikitopoulos, 2015. "Derivative Security Pricing," Dynamic Modeling and Econometrics in Economics and Finance, Springer, edition 127, number 978-3-662-45906-5, June.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Callable mortgage; Prepayment option; Vasicek model; Hull–White model; CIR model; Recombining binomial tree; Analytical limiting formulas; Analytical approximations; C61; C63; D81; G21;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C61 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Mathematical Methods; Programming Models; Mathematical and Simulation Modeling - - - Optimization Techniques; Programming Models; Dynamic Analysis
    • C63 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Mathematical Methods; Programming Models; Mathematical and Simulation Modeling - - - Computational Techniques
    • D81 - Microeconomics - - Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty - - - Criteria for Decision-Making under Risk and Uncertainty
    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:spr:decfin:v:35:y:2012:i:2:p:171-202. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Sonal Shukla or Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.springer.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.