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Small States, Big Influence: The Overlooked Nordic Influence on the Civilian ESDP

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  • PETER VIGGO JAKOBSEN

Abstract

There is almost universal agreement that the European security and defence policy (ESDP) has been driven and determined by the great powers (the UK, France and Germany). I challenge this view by arguing that the Nordic countries have had a significant, and at times even decisive, influence upon the civilian ESDP. They put civilian crisis management on the ESDP agenda and successfully kept it there in the face of strong opposition led by France; they have played central roles with respect to proposing and designing its concepts and institutions; and they have consistently made disproportionate mission contributions in terms of both personnel and treasure. I identify three factors that have blinded researchers to the Nordic role and explain the Nordic influence with four explanatory factors derived from the emerging literature on the European Union (EU) and small states. I thus rely on existing theory to make an empirical contribution to the field.

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  • Peter Viggo Jakobsen, 2009. "Small States, Big Influence: The Overlooked Nordic Influence on the Civilian ESDP," Journal of Common Market Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 47(1), pages 81-102, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:jcmkts:v:47:y:2009:i:1:p:81-102
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-5965.2008.01833.x
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    2. Daniel F. Schulz & Thomas Henökl, 2020. "New Alliances in Post-Brexit Europe: Does the New Hanseatic League Revive Nordic Political Cooperation?," Politics and Governance, Cogitatio Press, vol. 8(4), pages 409-419.
    3. Patrick Müller and Nicole Alecu de Flers, 2009. "Applying the Concept of Europeanization to the Study of Foreign Policy: Dimensions and Mechanisms," Working Papers of the Vienna Institute for European integration research (EIF) 5, Institute for European integration research (EIF).
    4. Daniel F. Schulz & Thomas Henökl, 2020. "New Alliances in Post-Brexit Europe: Does the New Hanseatic League Revive Nordic Political Cooperation?," Politics and Governance, Cogitatio Press, vol. 8(4), pages 78-88.
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    6. Ian Manners, 2013. "The 2012 Danish Presidency of the Council of the European Union: Bridging Exclusion," Journal of Common Market Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 51, pages 70-79, September.

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