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How Issue Size, Risk, and Complexity are Influencing External Financing Costs: German IPOs Analyzed from an Economies of Scale Perspective

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  • Christoph Kaserer
  • Marcus Kraft

Abstract

This paper is focused on the cost of raising capital in Germany. A cross‐sectional analysis of flotation cost data for 117 IPOs over the years 1993–1998 is presented. We find average flotation costs to be 7.77 percent of gross proceeds, while underwriting fees average 5.01 percent. Our results extend the literature in two important directions. First, contrary to the conventional economies of scale view we find marginal spreads to be rather constant in gross proceeds and to be higher for more risky and more complex offerings. Fixed costs amount to 5 to 9 percent of underwriting fees. Second, by applying a principal component analysis we find issue size, an issuer risk factor, and an offering method complexity factor to have an economicaly meaningful impact on underwriting fees.

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  • Christoph Kaserer & Marcus Kraft, 2003. "How Issue Size, Risk, and Complexity are Influencing External Financing Costs: German IPOs Analyzed from an Economies of Scale Perspective," Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 30(3‐4), pages 479-512, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:jbfnac:v:30:y:2003:i:3-4:p:479-512
    DOI: 10.1111/1468-5957.00005
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Hsuan‐Chi Chen & Robert C. W. Fok & Yu‐Jen Wang, 2006. "Why do Underwriters Charge Low Underwriting Fees for Initial Public Offerings in Taiwan?," Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 33(7‐8), pages 979-1005, September.
    2. Ranajit Kumar Bairagi & William Dimovski, 2012. "The direct costs of raising external equity capital for US REIT IPOs," Journal of Property Investment & Finance, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 30(6), pages 538-562, September.
    3. Franzke, Stefanie A. & Grohs, Stefanie & Laux, Christian, 2003. "Initial public offerings and venture capital in Germany," CFS Working Paper Series 2003/26, Center for Financial Studies (CFS).
    4. Lin, Justin Yifu & Sun, Xifang & Jiang, Ye, 2009. "Toward a theory of optimal financial structure," Policy Research Working Paper Series 5038, The World Bank.
    5. Ranajit Kumar Bairagi & William Dimovski, 2010. "The underpricing of US REIT IPOs: 1996--2010," Journal of Property Research, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 28(3), pages 233-248, December.
    6. Kaserer, Christoph & Mettler, Alfred & Obernberger, Stefan, 2008. "The impact of the Sarbanes-Oxley act on the cost of going public," CEFS Working Paper Series 2008-07, Technische Universität München (TUM), Center for Entrepreneurial and Financial Studies (CEFS).

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