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Reducing the carbon footprint of ICT products through material efficiency strategies: A life cycle analysis of smartphones

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  • Mauro Cordella
  • Felice Alfieri
  • Javier Sanfelix

Abstract

With the support of a life cycle assessment model, this study estimates the carbon footprint (CF) of smartphones and life cycle costs (LCC) for consumers in scenarios where different material efficiency strategies are implemented in Europe. Results show that a major contribution to the CF of smartphones is due to extraction and processing of materials and following manufacturing of parts: 10.7 kg CO2,eq/year, when assuming a biennial replacement cycle. Printed wiring board, display assembly, and integrated circuits make 75% of the impacts from materials. The CF is increased by assembly (+2.7 kg CO2,eq/year), distribution (+1.9 kg CO2,eq/year), and recharging of the device (+1.9 kg CO2,eq/year) and decreased by the end of life recycling (−0.8 kg CO2,eq/year). However, the CF of smartphones can dramatically increase when the energy consumed in communication services is counted (+26.4 kg CO2,eq/year). LCC can vary significantly (235–622 EUR/year). The service contract can in particular be a decisive cost factor (up to 61–85% of the LCC). It was calculated that the 1:1 displacement of new smartphones by used devices could decrease the CF by 52–79% (excluding communication services) and the LCC by 5–16%. An extension of the replacement cycle from 2 to 3 years could decrease the CF by 23–30% and the LCC by 4–10%, depending on whether repair operations are required. Measures for implementing such material efficiency strategies are presented and results can help inform decision‐makers about how to reduce impacts associated with smartphones.

Suggested Citation

  • Mauro Cordella & Felice Alfieri & Javier Sanfelix, 2021. "Reducing the carbon footprint of ICT products through material efficiency strategies: A life cycle analysis of smartphones," Journal of Industrial Ecology, Yale University, vol. 25(2), pages 448-464, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:inecol:v:25:y:2021:i:2:p:448-464
    DOI: 10.1111/jiec.13119
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    3. Wei, Yi & Liu, Qing, 2023. "How does the travel and tourism industry contribute to sustainable resource management? The moderating role of ICT in highly resource-consuming countries," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 82(C).
    4. Diana Blagu & Denisa Szabo & Diana Dragomir & Călin Neamțu & Daniela Popescu, 2022. "Offering Carbon Smart Options through Product Development to Meet Customer Expectations," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-21, August.
    5. Koide, R. & Murakami, S. & Nansai, K., 2022. "Prioritising low-risk and high-potential circular economy strategies for decarbonisation: A meta-analysis on consumer-oriented product-service systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 155(C).
    6. Marta Royo & Vicente Chulvi & Elena Mulet & Laura Ruiz‐Pastor, 2023. "Analysis of parameters about useful life extension in 70 tools and methods related to eco‐design and circular economy," Journal of Industrial Ecology, Yale University, vol. 27(2), pages 562-586, April.

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