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Making Farming Systems Truly Resilient

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  • Erik Mathijs
  • Erwin Wauters

Abstract

The resilience of European farms and farming systems has become prominent on the policy agenda, but the definition of resilience tends to be interpreted narrowly as the ability to withstand shocks and maintain the status quo. We argue that resilience encompasses the capacity of farms, farmers and farming systems to anticipate, cope and respond to shocks and stresses. This capacity is not only influenced by resources held and developed by farmers, but also by resources invested and allocated in farming systems by government and society at large. Furthermore, resilience is not only about coping with crisis, it is also about building up capacity to adapt or even transform farming systems. This should be done by reflecting on three key questions: (1) what characteristics of a farming system enable or constrain anticipating, coping and responsive capacities; (2) which actors can – or even should – play which role in building and mobilising resources to develop these capacities; and (3) how should institutions govern investment in and use resources and capacities? The Common Agricultural Policy – but also other policies – play a key role in determining farming system resilience. However, they tend to put more resources into developing safety nets than into stimulating adaptation and especially transformation. La résilience des exploitations agricoles et des systèmes agricoles européens est devenue une priorité dans l'agenda de l'action publique, mais la définition de la résilience a tendance à être interprétée de manière restrictive comme la capacité à résister aux chocs et à maintenir le statu quo. Nous soutenons que la résilience englobe la capacité des exploitations agricoles, des agriculteurs et des systèmes d'exploitation à anticiper, faire face et répondre aux chocs et aux contraintes. Cette capacité est non seulement influencée par les ressources détenues et développées par les agriculteurs, mais également par les ressources investies et allouées dans les systèmes agricoles par le gouvernement et la société dans son ensemble. En outre, la résilience ne consiste pas seulement à faire face à une crise, elle consiste également à renforcer les capacités d'adaptation ou même de transformation des systèmes agricoles. Cela devrait être fait en réfléchissant sur trois questions clés : (1) quelles caractéristiques d'un système agricole permettent ou limitent les capacités d'anticipation, d'adaptation et de réactivité; (2) quels acteurs peuvent ‐ ou même devraient ‐ jouer quel rôle dans le renforcement et la mobilisation des ressources pour développer ces capacités; et (3) comment les institutions devraient‐elles gérer les investissements et utiliser les ressources et les capacités ? La politique agricole commune ‐ mais aussi d'autres politiques ‐ jouent un rôle clé dans la détermination de la résilience des systèmes agricoles. Cependant, elles ont tendance à consacrer plus de ressources au développement de filets de sécurité qu’à la stimulation de l'adaptation et surtout de la transformation. Die Resilienz von landwirtschaftlichen Betrieben und der Landwirtschaftssysteme in Europa ist in den Vordergrund der politischen Agenda gerückt. Dabei wird jedoch die Definition von Resilienz tendenziell zu eng ausgelegt und zwar als die Fähigkeit, Krisen zu bewältigen und den Status quo zu erhalten. Wir argumentieren, dass Resilienz die Fähigkeit von Landwirtinnen und Landwirten, von landwirtschaftlichen Betrieben und Landwirtschaftssystemen umfasst, Krisen und Belastungen zu antizipieren, zu bewältigen und darauf zu reagieren. Diese Fähigkeit wird nicht nur von den Ressourcen beeinflusst, die auf landwirtschaftlichen Betrieben existieren und entwickelt werden, sondern auch von den Ressourcen, die von der Regierung und der Gesellschaft insgesamt in die Landwirtschaftssysteme investiert und ihnen zugewiesen werden. Darüber hinaus geht es bei der Resilienz nicht nur um die Bewältigung von Krisen, sondern auch um den Aufbau von Kapazitäten zur Anpassung oder sogar zur Transformation der Landwirtschaftssysteme. Dies sollte durch Überlegungen zu drei Schlüsselfragen geschehen: (1) Welche Merkmale eines Landwirtschaftssystems ermöglichen oder behindern die Antizipations‐, Bewältigungs‐ und Reaktionsfähigkeit; (2) welche Beteiligten können ‐ oder sogar sollten ‐ welche Rolle beim Aufbau und bei der Mobilisierung von Ressourcen zur Entwicklung dieser Kapazitäten spielen; und (3) wie sollten Institutionen die Investitionen in die Ressourcen und Kapazitäten und deren Nutzung steuern? Die Gemeinsame Agrarpolitik ‐ aber auch andere Politiken ‐ spielen eine Schlüsselrolle bei der Bestimmung der Resilienz der Landwirtschaftssysteme. Sie tendieren jedoch dazu, mehr Ressourcen in die Entwicklung von Sicherheitsnetzen zu investieren als in die Förderung der Anpassung und insbesondere der Transformation.

Suggested Citation

  • Erik Mathijs & Erwin Wauters, 2020. "Making Farming Systems Truly Resilient," EuroChoices, The Agricultural Economics Society, vol. 19(2), pages 72-76, August.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:eurcho:v:19:y:2020:i:2:p:72-76
    DOI: 10.1111/1746-692X.12287
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    1. Meuwissen, Miranda P.M. & Feindt, Peter H. & Spiegel, Alisa & Termeer, Catrien J.A.M. & Mathijs, Erik & de Mey, Yann & Finger, Robert & Balmann, Alfons & Wauters, Erwin & Urquhart, Julie & Vigani, Mau, 2019. "A framework to assess the resilience of farming systems," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 176, pages 1-10.
    2. Stephanie Duchek, 2020. "Organizational resilience: a capability-based conceptualization," Business Research, Springer;German Academic Association for Business Research, vol. 13(1), pages 215-246, April.
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    1. Meuwissen, Miranda & Feindt, Peter & Slijper, Thomas & Spiegel, Alisa & Finger, Robert & de Mey, Yann & Paas, Wim & Termeer, Katrien & Poortvliet, P. Marijn & Peneva, Mariya & Urquhart, Julie & Vigani, 2021. "Impact of Covid-19 on farming systems in Europe through the lens of resilience thinking," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 191.
    2. Reidsma, Pytrik & Accatino, Francesco & Appel, Franziska & Gavrilescu, Camelia & Krupin, Vitaliy & Manevska Tasevska, Gordana & Meuwissen, Miranda P.M. & Peneva, Mariya & Severini, Simone & Soriano, B, 2023. "Alternative systems and strategies to improve future sustainability and resilience of farming systems across Europe: From adaptation to transformation," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 134, pages 1-1.
    3. Slijper, Thomas & Urquhart, Julie & Poortvliet, P. Marijn & Soriano, Bárbara & Meuwissen, Miranda P.M., 2022. "Exploring how social capital and learning are related to the resilience of Dutch arable farmers," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 198(C).
    4. Coopmans, Isabeau & Bijttebier, Jo & Marchand, Fleur & Mathijs, Erik & Messely, Lies & Rogge, Elke & Sanders, Arthur & Wauters, Erwin, 2021. "COVID-19 impacts on Flemish food supply chains and lessons for agri-food system resilience," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 190(C).
    5. Herrera, H & Schütz, L & Paas, W & Reidsma, P & Kopainsky, B, 2022. "Understanding resilience of farming systems: Insights from system dynamics modelling for an arable farming system in the Netherlands," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 464(C).
    6. Feindt, Peter H. & Meuwissen, Miranda P. M. & Balmann, Alfons & Finger, Robert & Mathijs, Erik & Paas, Wim & Soriano, Bárbara & Spiegel, Alisa & Urquhart, Julie & Reidsma, Pytrik, 2022. "Understanding and addressing the resilience crisis of Europe’s farming systems: A synthesis of the findings from the SURE-Farm project," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, pages 342-374.
    7. Mathijs, Erik & Bijttebier, Jo & Accatino, Francesco & Feindt, Peter H. & Gavrilescu, Camelia & Manevska-Tasevska, Gordana & Meuwissen, Miranda P. M. & Ollendorf, Franziska & Peneva, Mariya & San Mart, 2022. "A resilience-enabling environment for farming systems: Patterns and principles," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, pages 302-320.
    8. Thomas Slijper & Yann de Mey & P Marijn Poortvliet & Miranda P M Meuwissen, 2022. "Quantifying the resilience of European farms using FADN," European Review of Agricultural Economics, Oxford University Press and the European Agricultural and Applied Economics Publications Foundation, vol. 49(1), pages 121-150.
    9. Ika Darnhofer, 2021. "Farming Resilience: From Maintaining States towards Shaping Transformative Change Processes," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-21, March.

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