IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/bla/acctfi/v60y2020i4p4175-4194.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Death spiral PIPEs: a reconsideration of the evidence

Author

Listed:
  • Karen Benson
  • Martina K. Linnenluecke
  • David Morrison
  • Sviatoslav Rosov

Abstract

We challenge the view that PIPEs lead to unfavourable outcomes for issuing firms. We show that structured PIPEs do not have significant negative CARs when a matched firm benchmark is used for computing CARs and when sample selection bias is taken into account. Indeed, structured PIPEs have significantly higher positive skewness, indicating superior optionality, consistent with the real option argument. We also show that the 2002 intervention by the Securities and Exchange Corporation (SEC) has led to unintended consequences, with the substitution of ‘mom and pop’ investors for hedge fund investors in the structured PIPE market.

Suggested Citation

  • Karen Benson & Martina K. Linnenluecke & David Morrison & Sviatoslav Rosov, 2020. "Death spiral PIPEs: a reconsideration of the evidence," Accounting and Finance, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 60(4), pages 4175-4194, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:acctfi:v:60:y:2020:i:4:p:4175-4194
    DOI: 10.1111/acfi.12535
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/acfi.12535
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1111/acfi.12535?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Lewis, Craig M. & Veld, Chris, 2014. "Convertible bond financing," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 24(C), pages 1-2.
    2. Duca, Eric & Dutordoir, Marie & Veld, Chris & Verwijmeren, Patrick, 2012. "Why are convertible bond announcements associated with increasingly negative issuer stock returns? An arbitrage-based explanation," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 36(11), pages 2884-2899.
    3. Kim, Woochan & Kim, Woojin & Kim, Hyungseok, 2013. "Death spiral issues in emerging market: A control related perspective," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 22(C), pages 14-36.
    4. De‐Wai Chou & C. Edward Wang & Sheng‐Syan Chen & Sandra Tsai, 2009. "Earnings Management and the Long‐Run Underperformance of Firms Following Convertible Bond Offers," Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 36(1‐2), pages 73-98, January.
    5. Lin, Wen-Chun & Chang, Shao-Chi & Chen, Sheng-Syan & Liao, Tsai-Ling, 2013. "The over-optimism of financial analysts and the long-run performance of firms following private placements of equity," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 10(2), pages 82-92.
    6. Susan Chaplinsky, 2010. "Financing under Extreme Risk: Contract Terms and Returns to Private Investments in Public Equity," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 23(7), pages 2789-2820, July.
    7. Bengtsson, Ola & Dai, Na & Henson, Clifford, 2014. "SEC enforcement in the PIPE market: Actions and consequences," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 213-231.
    8. Norhuda Abdul Rahim & Alan Goodacre & Chris Veld, 2014. "Wealth effects of convertible-bond and warrant-bond offerings: a meta-analysis," The European Journal of Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 20(4), pages 380-398, April.
    9. David J. Brophy & Paige P. Ouimet & Clemens Sialm, 2009. "Hedge Funds as Investors of Last Resort?," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 22(2), pages 541-574, February.
    10. Liu, Liang-Chih & Dai, Tian-Shyr & Wang, Chuan-Ju, 2016. "Evaluating corporate bonds and analyzing claim holders’ decisions with complex debt structure," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 151-174.
    11. Barber, Brad M. & Lyon, John D., 1997. "Detecting long-run abnormal stock returns: The empirical power and specification of test statistics," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 43(3), pages 341-372, March.
    12. De-Wai Chou & C. Edward Wang & Sheng-Syan Chen & Sandra Tsai, 2009. "Earnings Management and the Long-Run Underperformance of Firms Following Convertible Bond Offers," Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 36(1-2), pages 73-98.
    13. Bechmann, Ken L., 2004. "Short sales, price pressure, and the stock price response to convertible bond calls," Journal of Financial Markets, Elsevier, vol. 7(4), pages 427-451, October.
    14. Song, Kyojik “Roy” & Kim, Inho & Chang, Young K., 2014. "A reverse takeover as an exit strategy of venture capital: Korean evidence," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 29(C), pages 182-198.
    15. Lewis, Craig M. & Rogalski, Richard J. & Seward, James K., 2001. "The long-run performance of firms that issue convertible debt: an empirical analysis of operating characteristics and analyst forecasts," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 7(4), pages 447-474, December.
    16. Abhyankar, Abhay & Dunning, Alison, 1999. "Wealth effects of convertible bond and convertible preference share issues: An empirical analysis of the UK market," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 23(7), pages 1043-1065, July.
    17. Stephen J. Brown & Bruce D. Grundy & Craig M. Lewis & Patrick Verwijmeren, 2012. "Convertibles and Hedge Funds as Distributors of Equity Exposure," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 25(10), pages 3077-3112.
    18. Floros, Ioannis V. & Sapp, Travis R.A., 2012. "Why do firms issue private equity repeatedly? On the motives and information content of multiple PIPE offerings," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 36(12), pages 3469-3481.
    19. Zeidler, Felix & Mietzner, Mark & Schiereck, Dirk, 2012. "Risk dynamics surrounding the issuance of convertible bonds," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 18(2), pages 273-290.
    20. Heckman, James, 2013. "Sample selection bias as a specification error," Applied Econometrics, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), vol. 31(3), pages 129-137.
    21. Azmat, Saad & Skully, Michael & Brown, Kym, 2017. "The (little) difference that makes all the difference between Islamic and conventional bonds," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 46-59.
    22. Agarwal, Vikas & Fung, William H. & Loon, Yee Cheng & Naik, Narayan Y., 2011. "Risk and return in convertible arbitrage: Evidence from the convertible bond market," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 18(2), pages 175-194, March.
    23. Zeidler, F. & Mietzner, M. & Schiereck, D., 2012. "Risk Dynamics Surrounding the Issuance of Convertible Bonds," Publications of Darmstadt Technical University, Institute for Business Studies (BWL) 56450, Darmstadt Technical University, Department of Business Administration, Economics and Law, Institute for Business Studies (BWL).
    24. Cécile Carpentier & Jean-François L’Her & Jean-Marc Suret, 2013. "Private investment in small public entities," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 41(1), pages 149-168, June.
    25. Dutordoir, Marie & Lewis, Craig & Seward, James & Veld, Chris, 2014. "What we do and do not know about convertible bond financing," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 24(C), pages 3-20.
    26. Hillion, Pierre & Vermaelen, Theo, 2004. "Death spiral convertibles," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 71(2), pages 381-415, February.
    27. Otsubo, Minoru, 2017. "Why do firms underwrite private placement shares of other firms? Case of Japanese firms," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 41(C), pages 75-92.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Dutordoir, Marie & Lewis, Craig & Seward, James & Veld, Chris, 2014. "What we do and do not know about convertible bond financing," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 24(C), pages 3-20.
    2. Hackney, John & Henry, Tyler R. & Koski, Jennifer L., 2020. "Arbitrage vs. informed short selling: Evidence from convertible bond issuers," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 65(C).
    3. Andriosopoulos, Dimitris & Panetsidou, Styliani, 2021. "A global analysis of Private Investments in Public Equity," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 69(C).
    4. Ling, Yu-Xiu & Xie, Chi & Wang, Gang-Jin, 2022. "Interconnectedness between convertible bonds and underlying stocks in the Chinese capital market: A multilayer network perspective," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 52(C).
    5. Kim, Hyeong Joon & Han, Seung Hun, 2019. "Convertible bond announcement returns, capital expenditures, and investment opportunities: Evidence from Korea," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 53(C), pages 331-348.
    6. Henk Berkman & Michael McKenzie & Patrick Verwijmeren, 2013. "Hole in the Wall: Informed Short Selling ahead of Private Placements," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers 13-153/IV/DSF62, Tinbergen Institute.
    7. Marle, Mats van & Verwijmeren, Patrick, 2017. "The long and the short of convertible arbitrage: An empirical examination of arbitrageurs’ holding periods," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 44(C), pages 237-249.
    8. Li, Hui & Liu, Hong & Siganos, Antonios, 2016. "A comparison of the stock market reactions of convertible bond offerings between financial and non-financial institutions: Do they differ?," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 45(C), pages 356-366.
    9. Hsu, Ching-Yu & Chen, Sheng-Syan & Huang, Chia-Wei, 2021. "Board independence and PIPE offerings," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 478-500.
    10. Juan David González-Ruiz & Maria Isabel Acosta-García & Ramón Villa-García, 2021. "Financial Behaviour in a Mandatory Conversion Process: Empirical Evidence from Colombia," Global Business Review, International Management Institute, vol. 22(1), pages 69-84, February.
    11. Christian Dorion & Pascal François & Gunnar Grass & Alexandre Jeanneret, 2014. "Convertible Debt and Shareholder Incentives," Cahiers de recherche 1403, CIRPEE.
    12. Lim, Jongha & Schwert, Michael & Weisbach, Michael S., 2021. "The economics of PIPEs," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 45(C).
    13. Grundy, Bruce D. & Verwijmeren, Patrick, 2020. "The external financing of investment," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 65(C).
    14. Dorion, Christian & François, Pascal & Grass, Gunnar & Jeanneret, Alexandre, 2014. "Convertible debt and shareholder incentives," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 24(C), pages 38-56.
    15. Chen, Sheng-Syan & Hsu, Ching-Yu & Huang, Chia-Wei, 2016. "The white squire defense: Evidence from private investments in public equity," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 64(C), pages 16-35.
    16. Tobias Nigbur, 2015. "Calls of convertible debt securities: no bad news at all," Financial Markets and Portfolio Management, Springer;Swiss Society for Financial Market Research, vol. 29(1), pages 61-79, February.
    17. Onur Bayar & Yini Liu & Juan Mao, 2023. "Shareholder litigation and short selling ahead of private equity placements," The Financial Review, Eastern Finance Association, vol. 58(4), pages 833-858, November.
    18. Kai-Shi Chuang, 2020. "Private placements, market discounts and firm performance: the perspective of corporate life cycle analysis," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 54(2), pages 541-564, February.
    19. Billett, Matthew T. & Elkamhi, Redouane & Floros, Ioannis V., 2015. "The influence of investor identity and contract terms on firm value: Evidence from PIPEs," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 24(4), pages 564-589.
    20. Verwijmeren, Patrick & Yang, Antti, 2020. "The fluctuating maturities of convertible bonds," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 62(C).

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:bla:acctfi:v:60:y:2020:i:4:p:4175-4194. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Wiley Content Delivery (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/aaanzea.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.