IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/bla/acctfi/v49y2009i3p445-464.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

The effects of taxation on put‐call parity

Author

Listed:
  • Karen Alpert

Abstract

Share and option transactions are taxed differently, which means that the after‐tax cash flows used to establish put‐call parity will differ depending on which option is exercised. This paper derives the after‐tax put‐call parity relationship for European and American options with or without dividends. Using Australian data for the period July 1999 to June 2002, the after‐tax put‐call parity relationship explains 88.3 per cent of no‐tax lower boundary violations and 78.8 per cent of no‐tax upper boundary violations. The violation are larger for more thinly traded securities, providing some evidence that traders are able to profit from the tax discontinuities that affect investors in options.

Suggested Citation

  • Karen Alpert, 2009. "The effects of taxation on put‐call parity," Accounting and Finance, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 49(3), pages 445-464, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:acctfi:v:49:y:2009:i:3:p:445-464
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-629X.2008.00291.x
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-629X.2008.00291.x
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1111/j.1467-629X.2008.00291.x?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Robert C. Merton, 2005. "Theory of rational option pricing," World Scientific Book Chapters, in: Sudipto Bhattacharya & George M Constantinides (ed.), Theory Of Valuation, chapter 8, pages 229-288, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd..
    2. Constantinides, George M & Scholes, Myron S, 1980. "Optimal Liquidation of Assets in the Presence of Personal Taxes: Implications for Asset Pricing," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 35(2), pages 439-449, May.
    3. Scholes, Myron, 1976. "Taxes and the Pricing of Options," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 31(2), pages 319-332, May.
    4. Ofek, Eli & Richardson, Matthew & Whitelaw, Robert F., 2004. "Limited arbitrage and short sales restrictions: evidence from the options markets," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 74(2), pages 305-342, November.
    5. Stoll, Hans R, 1969. "The Relationship between Put and Call Option Prices," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 24(5), pages 801-824, December.
    6. Kamara, Avraham & Miller, Thomas W., 1995. "Daily and Intradaily Tests of European Put-Call Parity," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 30(4), pages 519-539, December.
    7. Joel S. Sternberg, 1994. "A reexamination of put‐call parity on index futures," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 14(1), pages 79-101, February.
    8. Cox, John C. & Ross, Stephen A. & Rubinstein, Mark, 1979. "Option pricing: A simplified approach," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 7(3), pages 229-263, September.
    9. Bookstaber, Richard M, 1981. "Observed Option Mispricing and the Nonsimultaneity of Stock and Option Quotations," The Journal of Business, University of Chicago Press, vol. 54(1), pages 141-155, January.
    10. Black, Fischer & Scholes, Myron S, 1973. "The Pricing of Options and Corporate Liabilities," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 81(3), pages 637-654, May-June.
    11. Klemkosky, Robert C & Resnick, Bruce G, 1979. "Put-Call Parity and Market Efficiency," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 34(5), pages 1141-1155, December.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Ben David Nissim & Tavor Tchahi, 2011. "An empirical test of 'put call parity'," Applied Financial Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 21(22), pages 1661-1664.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Engstrom, Malin & Norden, Lars, 2000. "The early exercise premium in American put option prices," Journal of Multinational Financial Management, Elsevier, vol. 10(3-4), pages 461-479, December.
    2. Jianfeng Hu, 2020. "Is the synthetic stock price really lower than actual price?," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 40(12), pages 1809-1824, December.
    3. Lucy F. Ackert & Yisong S. Tian, 2000. "Evidence on the efficiency of index options markets," Economic Review, Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, vol. 85(Q1), pages 40-51.
    4. Ben David Nissim & Tavor Tchahi, 2011. "An empirical test of 'put call parity'," Applied Financial Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 21(22), pages 1661-1664.
    5. Ramachandran, Lakshmi Shankar & Tayal, Jitendra, 2021. "Mispricing, short-sale constraints, and the cross-section of option returns," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 141(1), pages 297-321.
    6. Kung, James J. & Lee, Lung-Sheng, 2009. "Option pricing under the Merton model of the short rate," Mathematics and Computers in Simulation (MATCOM), Elsevier, vol. 80(2), pages 378-386.
    7. Scholes, Myron S, 1998. "Derivatives in a Dynamic Environment," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 88(3), pages 350-370, June.
    8. Atmaz, Adem & Basak, Suleyman, 2019. "Option prices and costly short-selling," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 134(1), pages 1-28.
    9. Khorram, Mehdi & Mo, Haitao & Sanger, Gary C., 2023. "Information flow and credit rating announcements," Journal of Financial Markets, Elsevier, vol. 65(C).
    10. Constantinides, George M., 1984. "Optimal stock trading with personal taxes : Implications for prices and the abnormal January returns," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 13(1), pages 65-89, March.
    11. Zimmermann, Heinz & Hafner, Wolfgang, 2007. "Amazing discovery: Vincenz Bronzin's option pricing models," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 31(2), pages 531-546, February.
    12. Boyarchenko, Svetlana & Levendorskii[caron], Sergei, 2007. "Optimal stopping made easy," Journal of Mathematical Economics, Elsevier, vol. 43(2), pages 201-217, February.
    13. Robert C. Merton, 2006. "Paul Samuelson and Financial Economics," The American Economist, Sage Publications, vol. 50(2), pages 9-31, October.
    14. Ammann, Manuel & Kind, Axel & Wilde, Christian, 2003. "Are convertible bonds underpriced? An analysis of the French market," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 27(4), pages 635-653, April.
    15. Kim, Amy M. & Li, Huanan, 2020. "Incorporating the impacts of climate change in transportation infrastructure decision models," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 134(C), pages 271-287.
    16. Bjork, Tomas, 2009. "Arbitrage Theory in Continuous Time," OUP Catalogue, Oxford University Press, edition 3, number 9780199574742.
    17. Jobst, Andreas A., 2014. "Measuring systemic risk-adjusted liquidity (SRL)—A model approach," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 45(C), pages 270-287.
    18. Timothy Johnson, 2015. "Reciprocity as a Foundation of Financial Economics," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 131(1), pages 43-67, September.
    19. Rodriguez, Ricardo J., 2002. "Lognormal option pricing for arbitrary underlying assets: a synthesis," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 42(3), pages 577-586.
    20. Tabesh, Hamid, 1987. "Hedging price risk to soybean producers with futures and options: a case study," ISU General Staff Papers 1987010108000010306, Iowa State University, Department of Economics.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:bla:acctfi:v:49:y:2009:i:3:p:445-464. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Wiley Content Delivery (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/aaanzea.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.