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Estimating Social Exclusion in Rural Pakistan: A Contribution to Social Development Policies

Author

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  • Abdul Hameed

    (Economic Analyst, Innovative Development Strategies (Pvt.) Ltd)

  • Zara Qaiser

Abstract

There are various aspects of social exclusion. Social exclusion refers to individuals or groups being deprived of participation in social development processes such as health, education, living standard, social and political activities, etc. There is a vast body of international literature that defines these processes, but very little detailed empirical analysis available on rural Pakistan. This paper presents a situational analysis of social exclusion in rural Pakistan, using the Pakistan Rural Household Panel Survey (Round 2) data set to compute the flexible multidimensional social exclusion index. A simple ‘sum-score’ technique is used to estimate the depth of social exclusion at the household level. These social exclusion indicators are then aggregated to measure exclusion at the ethnic, regional and provincial levels. The results show that 52% households in rural Pakistan are deprived in wealth, income, agriculture resources, health, education, social and political participation and financial hardship. Households in rural Sindh are more deprived than households in rural Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The ethnic groups Punjabi, Sindhi, Saraiki, Balochi and Pakhtun are all deprived at certain levels in their respective provinces. However, Saraiki households are more deprived than Punjabi households in rural Punjab and Sindhi households in rural Sindh. These decentralized results can be used to formulate policies to help marginalized societies/ communities at the local and regional levels.

Suggested Citation

  • Abdul Hameed & Zara Qaiser, 2019. "Estimating Social Exclusion in Rural Pakistan: A Contribution to Social Development Policies," Business & Economic Review, Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar, Pakistan, vol. 11(1), pages 103-122, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:bec:imsber:v:11:y:2019:i:1:p:103-122
    DOI: dx.doi.org/10.22547/BER/11.1.5
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Shahid Karim & Kong Xiang & Abdul Hameed, 2021. "Investigating social development inequality among steel industry workers in Pakistan: A contribution to social development policies," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 16(6), pages 1-16, June.
    2. Hameed, Abdul & Padda, Ihtsham ul Haq & Salam, Abdul, 2020. "Estimating the Socio-Economic Factors of Food Insecurity in Pakistan:A Regional Level Analysis," MPRA Paper 102290, University Library of Munich, Germany.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Social Development; Social Exclusion; Ethnic levels; Rural Pakistan;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • I0 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - General
    • I30 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty - - - General
    • Q01 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - General - - - Sustainable Development
    • R20 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Household Analysis - - - General
    • Z1 - Other Special Topics - - Cultural Economics

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