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Regulating for competition with BigTechs: banking-as-a-service and “beyond banking”

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  • José Ramón Martínez Resano

Abstract

En este artículo se analizan dos estrategias novedosas de competencia en el sector bancario: la banca como servicio (banking-as-a-service) y la prestación de servicios más allá de la banca (beyond banking). Se argumenta que estos modelos de negocio emulan la penetración de las BigTech en la prestación de servicios financieros con el trasfondo de su actividad comercial. Pero estos modelos conllevan nuevos riesgos, que requieren respuestas regulatorias adecuadas en una doble vía. En primer lugar, se afirma que la regulación del modelo de competencia disruptivo de las BigTech —en la confluencia de los servicios financieros y la tecnología— precisa de instrumentos de coordinación novedosos entre las distintas áreas de política regulatoria involucradas (banca, pagos, competencia, tecnología digital y datos), así como de una nueva perspectiva sobre el tratamiento de los conglomerados mixtos que consolidan múltiples líneas de negocio y riesgos. En segundo lugar, el hecho de que la «banca como servicio» se base en un pseudo-leasing de la licencia bancaria a empresas no financieras, al objeto de ganar una base transaccional, plantea riesgos morales y de modelo que exigen tratamientos específicos, no muy diferentes de los aplicados al modelo de «originar para distribuir». Las perspectivas de éxito del modelo beyond banking son poco alentadoras en su versión extrema, en la que las entidades de crédito pasan a ser patrocinadoras de plataformas en toda regla, mientras que las versiones híbridas siguen conllevando nuevos riesgos.

Suggested Citation

  • José Ramón Martínez Resano, 2021. "Regulating for competition with BigTechs: banking-as-a-service and “beyond banking”," Revista de Estabilidad Financiera, Banco de España, issue NOV.
  • Handle: RePEc:bde:revist:y:2021:i:11:n:6
    Note: 41
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    References listed on IDEAS

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