IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/ani/irdjom/v1y2019i2p105-114.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

The Effect of Health Infrastructure, Adult Literacy, and Household Characteristics on Antenatal Care (ANC) Coverage in Punjab (Pakistan)

Author

Listed:
  • Tusawar Iftikhar Ahmad
  • Saima Shafiq
  • Kokab Kiran

    (The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan)

  • Amna Alamgir

    (National College of Business Administration and Economics, Bahawalpur, Pakistan)

Abstract

Objective: The present study is a cross district analysis of the effect of health infrastructure, adult literacy, and household characteristics on antenatal care (ANC) use in Punjab (Pakistan).Data and Methodology: The unit of analysis is a district. By covering a panel of 35 districts of Punjab, the study has collected the yearly data for the time period 2010 to 2016. The percentage of pregnant women of reproductive age received ANC services in each district is taken as dependent variable. Health physical infrastructure, adult literacy rate, and the percentage of households: having own house, using improved sanitation facilities, and receiving remittances from abroad are taken as explanatory variables. The study used panel Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) to estimate the effects of the explanatory variables on antenatal care. Results: Ranking of the districts on the basis of ANC coverage shows that amongst the 34 districts of Punjab province, Bahawalnagar, Rajan pur, Pakpattan, Kasur, Bahawalpur, and Rahim Yar Khan distrcits are at the bottom with the lowest use of ANC services by the pregnant mothers. The GMM estimates show that health physical infrastructure, adult literacy rate, and the percentage of households having their own house are positively and significantly affecting the ANC use in Punjab-Pakistan. Hence confirming the healthcare services utilization framework of Andesen and Newman (2005) which explains that formal healthcare system (health physical infrastructure), predisposing factors (adult literacy rate), and enabling factors (households having their own houses) significantly matter in fostering better use of healthcare services. Conclusion: The study advocates the need for investment in health physical infrastructure as well as in overall literacy. At the same time, it suggests that for the better coverage of ANC the geographical targeting can result into better outcomes.

Suggested Citation

  • Tusawar Iftikhar Ahmad & Saima Shafiq & Kokab Kiran & Amna Alamgir, 2019. "The Effect of Health Infrastructure, Adult Literacy, and Household Characteristics on Antenatal Care (ANC) Coverage in Punjab (Pakistan)," iRASD Journal of Management, International Research Alliance for Sustainable Development (iRASD), vol. 1(2), pages 105-114, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:ani:irdjom:v:1:y:2019:i:2:p:105-114
    DOI: 10.52131/jom.2019.0101.0010
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://journals.internationalrasd.org/index.php/jom/article/view/147/122
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://journals.internationalrasd.org/index.php/jom/article/view/147
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.52131/jom.2019.0101.0010?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Christopher F Baum & Mark E. Schaffer & Steven Stillman, 2003. "Instrumental variables and GMM: Estimation and testing," Stata Journal, StataCorp LP, vol. 3(1), pages 1-31, March.
    2. Eric Arthur, 2012. "Wealth and antenatal care use: implications for maternal health care utilisation in Ghana," Health Economics Review, Springer, vol. 2(1), pages 1-8, December.
    3. Jin-Won Noh & Young-mi Kim & Lena J Lee & Nabeel Akram & Farhana Shahid & Young Dae Kwon & Jelle Stekelenburg, 2019. "Factors associated with the use of antenatal care in Sindh province, Pakistan: A population-based study," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 14(4), pages 1-11, April.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Nurlan Orazalin & Mady Baydauletov, 2020. "Corporate social responsibility strategy and corporate environmental and social performance: The moderating role of board gender diversity," Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 27(4), pages 1664-1676, July.
    2. Anthony Briant & Pierre-Philippe Combes & Miren Lafourcade, 2014. "Product Complexity, Quality of Institutions and the Protrade Effect of Immigrants," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 37(1), pages 63-85, January.
    3. Ilona Babenko & Benjamin Bennett & John M Bizjak & Jeffrey L Coles & Jason J Sandvik, 2023. "Clawback Provisions and Firm Risk," The Review of Corporate Finance Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 12(2), pages 191-239.
    4. Lee, Boram & Rosenthal, Leonard & Veld, Chris & Veld-Merkoulova, Yulia, 2015. "Stock market expectations and risk aversion of individual investors," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 40(C), pages 122-131.
    5. MacDonald, Peter, 2013. "Labour substitution and the scope for military outsourcing," MPRA Paper 46688, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    6. Sheikh, Shahbaz, 2018. "The impact of market competition on the relation between CEO power and firm innovation," Journal of Multinational Financial Management, Elsevier, vol. 44(C), pages 36-50.
    7. Kelbesa Megersa & Danny Cassimon, 2015. "Public Debt, Economic Growth, and Public Sector Management in Developing Countries: Is There a Link?," Public Administration & Development, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 35(5), pages 329-346, December.
    8. Shi, Wei & Tang, Yinuo, 2015. "Cultural similarity as in-group favoritism: The impact of religious and ethnic similarities on alliance formation and announcement returns," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 34(C), pages 32-46.
    9. Asadul Islam & Dietrich K. Fausten, 2008. "Skilled Immigration and Wages in Australia," The Economic Record, The Economic Society of Australia, vol. 84(s1), pages 66-82, September.
    10. Doko Tchatoka, Firmin Sabro, 2012. "Specification Tests with Weak and Invalid Instruments," MPRA Paper 40185, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    11. Yann Kossi & Jean-Yves Lesueur & Mareva Sabatier, 2016. "Publish or teach? The role of the scientific environment on academics’ multitasking," Industrial and Corporate Change, Oxford University Press and the Associazione ICC, vol. 25(3), pages 487-506.
    12. Tadadjeu, Sosson & Njangang, Henri & Asongu, Simplice A. & Kamguia, Brice, 2023. "Natural resources, child mortality and governance quality in African countries," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 83(C).
    13. Daniel Alonso-Martínez & Nuria González-Álvarez & Mariano Nieto, 2021. "Does international patent collaboration have an effect on entrepreneurship?," Journal of International Entrepreneurship, Springer, vol. 19(4), pages 539-559, December.
    14. Gopalakrishnan, Sathya & Smith, Martin D. & Slott, Jordan M. & Murray, A. Brad, 2011. "The value of disappearing beaches: A hedonic pricing model with endogenous beach width," Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Elsevier, vol. 61(3), pages 297-310, May.
    15. Claire Dujardin & Florence Goffette-Nagot, 2009. "Does public housing occupancy increase unemployment?," Journal of Economic Geography, Oxford University Press, vol. 9(6), pages 823-851, November.
    16. Hugo Benítez-Silva & Debra Dwyer & Wayne-Roy Gayle & Thomas Muench, 2008. "Expectations in micro data: rationality revisited," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 34(2), pages 381-416, March.
    17. Divine Ikenwilo & Anthony Scott, 2007. "The effects of pay and job satisfaction on the labour supply of hospital consultants," Health Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 16(12), pages 1303-1318.
    18. Dutta, Nabamita & Kar, Saibal, 2018. "Relating rule of law and budgetary allocation for tourism: Does per capita income growth make a difference for Indian states?," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 263-271.
    19. Kim, Tae-Hun, 2008. "The measurement of farmers' risk attitudes using a non-structural approach," Journal of Rural Development/Nongchon-Gyeongje, Korea Rural Economic Institute, vol. 31(2), pages 1-18, May.
    20. Catalina Amuedo-Dorantes & Kusum Mundra, 2013. "Immigrant Homeownership and Immigration Status: Evidence from Spain," Review of International Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 21(2), pages 204-218, May.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:ani:irdjom:v:1:y:2019:i:2:p:105-114. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Dr. Pranav Kumar (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://journals.internationalrasd.org/index.php/jom/index .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.