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An Islamic Finance Model for The Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in France نموذج تمويل إسلامي للمؤسسات الصغيرة والمتوسطة في فرنسا

Author

Listed:
  • Umar A. Oseni

    (Assistant Professor of Law, International Islamic University Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia)

  • M. Kabir Hassan

    (Professor of Finance, Department of Economics and Finance, University of New Orleans,New Orleans, LA 70148, USA)

  • Dorsaf Matri

    (Ph.D. candidate, Sorbonne Law School, Université Paris Panthéon-1 Sorbonne, Paris, France)

Abstract

The dominant effect of the global financial shockwaves ravaging the whole of Europe is becoming proverbial in the history of world economic crises. This has been largely due to untoward economic policies that have negatively impacted most economies in Europe. The recent European sovereign debt crisis experienced more in Greece, Italy, Spain and Portugal, and the most recent downgrade of France’s credit rating by Standard and Poor’s call for a rethinking of the existing economic policies. The need to foster innovation in Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) and sustainably support the existing ones has remained a major challenge in France. With over 2.5 million SMEs in France, the recent report of the Institut Nationale de la Statistiqueet des Etudes Economiques [INSEE] reveals that one in every two new business fails in the long run. This paper examines the need to find credible alternatives for French SMEs to the collateral-based debt financing. Built on ethical business models, the Islamic SMEs and microfinance models are expected to foster innovation and sustainability to smaller economic players. Although, loans remain SMEs’ main source of financing, banks require more collateral from entrepreneurs, and now provide lower financing compared to the period before the financial crisis. In this context of financial difficulties for SMEs, considering alternative models of financing such as Islamic financial products based on the profit and loss sharing has increased the interest of many European countries. While focusing on the econo-legal issues underlying any of such proposals, the paper considers the feasibility of Islamic venture capital as a credible alternative to bank’s loans for SMEs within the existing French legal and regulatory framework. . أثرت أزمة الديون السيادية بشكل كبير على أداء اقتصاديات دول الاتحاد الأوربي خاصة اليونان، وإيطاليا، وإسبانيا، والبرتغال. وها هي تلك الآثار تمتد إلى دول لها وزنها في هذا التكتل الاقتصادي؛ كفرنسا، وذلك لما أحدثته السياسات الاقتصادية المنتهجة من آثار سلبية على أداء هذه الاقتصاديات. فقد خفضت وكالة التصنيف الائتماني ستنانداردز آند بورز درجة التصنيف الائتماني للحكومة الفرنسية. هذه الوضعية التي عليها حال اقتصاديات الدول الأوربية تستدعي إعادة النظر في السياسات المنتهجة لاحتواء آثار هذه الأزمة. إن الحاجة لاحتضان مؤسسات إبداعية صغيرة ومتوسطة الحجم مع الحفاظ على نمو المؤسسات القائمة يشكل تحديًا كبيرًا للاقتصاد الفرنسي؛ حيث يشير التقرير الأخير الذي أصدره المعهد الوطني للإحصاء والدراسات الاقتصادية أن عدد هذه المؤسسات يقدر بـما يزيد عن 2.5 مليون، وأن حوالي نصف المؤسسات الجديدة تتعرض للفشل على المدى الطويل. تستعرض هذه الورقة حاجة هذا الصنف من المؤسسات إلى تمويلات بديلة عن التمويل التقليدي القائم على الفائدة والضمان. وبما أن التمويل الإسلامي قائم على نموذج تمويل أخلاقي فيُتوقع منه أن يساهم في دعم الابتكار والاستمرارية في المؤسسات المتناهية الصغر، والمؤسسات الصغيرة والمتوسطة. إن الاقتراض القائم على الفائدة مع تقديم الضمانات المطلوبة للمصارف لا يزال يمثل المصدر الرئيس لتمويلات هذا النوع من المؤسسات على المستوى الأوربي، إلا أن المعطيات تشير إلى انخفاض مستويات التمويلات عما كانت عليه قبل اندلاع الأزمة. في ظل هذه الأوضاع المالية الصعبة فإن البحث عن البديل يصبح أمرًا ضروريًا ومهمًا. من البدائل التي تناقشها الورقة؛ منتجات البديل الإسلامي القائم على المشاركة في المغانم والمغارم. لقد اصبح هذا البديل محل عناية واهتمام على المستوى الأوربي. تقدم هذه الورقة مقترحات تمويلية بديلة للمؤسسات الصغيرة والمتوسطة، ومن ذلك رأس المال الإسلامي المخاطر في ضوء الأطر الإشرافية والقانونية الفرنسية.

Suggested Citation

  • Umar A. Oseni & M. Kabir Hassan & Dorsaf Matri, 2013. "An Islamic Finance Model for The Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in France نموذج تمويل إسلامي للمؤسسات الصغيرة والمتوسطة في فرنسا," Journal of King Abdulaziz University: Islamic Economics, King Abdulaziz University, Islamic Economics Institute., vol. 26(2), pages 151-179, July.
  • Handle: RePEc:abd:kauiea:v:26:y:2013:i:2:no:5:p:151-179
    DOI: 10.4197/Islec.26-2.5
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Thorsten Beck & Asli Demirguc-Kunt & Ross Levine, 2005. "SMEs, Growth, and Poverty: Cross-Country Evidence," Journal of Economic Growth, Springer, vol. 10(3), pages 199-229, September.
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    Cited by:

    1. Pandey, Dharen Kumar & Hunjra, Ahmed Imran & Hassan, M. Kabir & Rai, Varun Kumar, 2023. "Venture capital financing during crises: A bibliometric review," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
    2. Zaid Al-Aifari & Monzer Kahf, 2021. "Venture Capital Investment: Challenges and Potential Solutions استثمار رأس المال المُخاطر : التحديات والحلول," Journal of King Abdulaziz University: Islamic Economics, King Abdulaziz University, Islamic Economics Institute., vol. 34(2), pages 3-18, July.

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