Hurdles still outweigh opportunities for bioCDR

How are different processes for removing CO2 from the atmosphere perceived by stakeholders in different regions of Germany? This question was explored in workshops of the project BioNET ("Multistage assessment of biobased negative emission technologies")1 in order to beter understand the potential and challenges of biomass-based carbon dioxide removal (bioCDR) technologies. Experts from industry, agriculture, forestry, NGOs and policy were involved in four stakeholder workshops to discuss bioCDR measures, their regional characteristics and sociopolitical trust. The results show that bioCDR technologies such as afforestation, pyrolysis of biomass (PyCCS) and peatland rewetting are seen as promising, but face regulatory, economic and social barriers. While there are regional differences in feasibility, there are recurring challenges such as land competition, lack of political support and uncertainties in financing. Particular emphasis was placed on the importance of cascading use in order to maximize the efficiency of bioCDR. The "Carbon Cascadia" simulation game we developed supported the discussion on biomass cascades and long-term CO2 storage. The results highlight the need for targeted funding instruments and a coordinated policy framework, including citizen participation, in order to establish bioCDR in the long term. Without clear strategies and societal involvement, there is a risk that the potential of these technologies will remain untapped. The report provides valuable insights for research, policy and practice for the further development of bioCDR in Germany.