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China's secret nuclear tests: How great power competition threatens to erode international testing norms

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  • Rombach, Philipp

Abstract

The United States has accused China of conducting secret nuclear weapons tests in violation of international norms and testing moratoria. Because of its comparatively limited historical testing record, China has strong incentives to obtain additional test data for the modernization of its nuclear weapons programme. Thus, it would be disadvantageous for Washington to respond by resuming underground nuclear testing, as Russia and China would benefit more from the erosion of international testing norms. For their part, Germany and Europe can take only limited action by promoting greater transparency and confidence-building measures.

Suggested Citation

  • Rombach, Philipp, 2026. "China's secret nuclear tests: How great power competition threatens to erode international testing norms," SWP Comments 31/2026, Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik (SWP), German Institute for International and Security Affairs.
    • Handle: RePEc:zbw:swpcom:343134
    DOI: 10.18449/2026C31
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