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China's emergence as a volumetric state: The volumetric dimension of the 15th Five-Year Plan and beyond

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  • Godehardt, Nadine
  • Zhang, Xin

Abstract

The Chinese leadership has implemented various official directives, plans, and policies that are, step-by-step, coalescing into a comprehensive architecture of volumetric statecraft. Volumetric power integrates spaces such as the atmosphere, the deep sea, the polar regions, the (geological) subsoil, or outer space into political governance. Volumetric states develop special economic and techn(olog)ical capacities to gain control of, and even govern, these spaces. Volumetric statecraft implies the Chinese state's willingness and capacity to integrate various policy dimensions into a set of comprehensive ecosystems. China's 15th Five-Year Plan specifically manifests the volumetric dimension in Chinese governance. This directly impacts the type of challenge that China will pose to the European Union (EU) in the coming years, and it will force the EU to adapt a volumetric strategy of its own towards China.

Suggested Citation

  • Godehardt, Nadine & Zhang, Xin, 2026. "China's emergence as a volumetric state: The volumetric dimension of the 15th Five-Year Plan and beyond," SWP Comments 22/2026, Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik (SWP), German Institute for International and Security Affairs.
    • Handle: RePEc:zbw:swpcom:341971
    DOI: 10.18449/2026C22
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