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Generation Frühstart-Rente

Author

Listed:
  • Malmendier, Ulrike
  • Schaffranka, Claudia
  • Schwarz, Milena

Abstract

Deutschland steht vor großen Herausforderungen in der Altersvorsorge: steigende Beiträge und sinkende Rentenniveaus in der Gesetzlichen Rentenversicherung (GRV) treffen auf eine lückenhafte private Altersvorsorge. Die Riester-Rente, einst als zentrales Reforminstrument gestartet, hat Schwächen: zu komplex, zu teuer, zu renditeschwach - und gerade einkommensschwache Haushalte erreicht sie häufig nicht. Das Ergebnis ist eine doppelte Vorsorgelücke: Viele Haushalte sparen überhaupt nicht privat für das Alter, und diejenigen, die es tun, investieren selten am Kapitalmarkt. Im internationalen Vergleich halten deutsche Haushalte einen ungewöhnlich großen Teil ihres Vermögens unverzinst auf Bankkonten oder in Versicherungen, während renditestärkere Anlageformen wie Aktien oder Fonds gemieden werden. Besonders Haushalte mit niedrigen Einkommen und geringem Vermögen bleiben damit von den deutlich höheren Erträgen des Kapitalmarkts ausgeschlossen. Dies ist nicht allein eine Frage finanzieller Möglichkeiten, sondern auch von mangelnder Erfahrung und fehlendem Vertrauen in den Kapitalmarkt. Um die Alterssicherung für künftige Generationen auf eine breitere Basis zu stellen, plant die Bundesregierung die Einführung einer sogenannten Frühstart-Rente. Ein kapitalgedecktes Altersversorgungssystem, das bereits im frühen Kindesalter mit staatlichen Einzahlungen beginnt. Ziel ist es, nicht nur die finanzielle Vorsorge zu stärken, sondern auch frühzeitig praktische Kapitalmarkterfahrung zu erlangen. Wer den Kapitalmarkt schon in jungen Jahren erlebt, lernt Chancen und Risiken aus erster Hand kennen, entwickelt ein Verständnis für langfristiges Investieren und baut Vertrauen auf. Forschungsergebnisse zeigen: Positive Erfahrungen können das Finanzverhalten über Jahrzehnte prägen und die Aktienkultur nachhaltig fördern. Der vorliegende Beitrag analysiert das Konzept der Frühstart-Rente, seine wirtschaftlichen Potenziale, politischen und administrativen Herausforderungen sowie die notwendige bildungspolitische Begleitung und erarbeitet sechs zentrale Empfehlungen zur Umsetzung. Dabei wird deutlich: Die Frühstart-Rente allein kann die strukturellen Probleme der Altersvorsorge nicht lösen. Sie könnte jedoch ein zentraler Baustein sein, um einen nachhaltigen Wandel in der Kapitalmarktkultur Deutschlands einzuleiten - vorausgesetzt, sie wird so ausgestaltet, dass alle Kinder von ihr profitieren können und kostentreibende Garantieprodukte, bürokratische Antragsverfahren sowie intransparente Produktlandschaften konsequent vermieden werden.

Suggested Citation

  • Malmendier, Ulrike & Schaffranka, Claudia & Schwarz, Milena, 2025. "Generation Frühstart-Rente," Working Papers 02/2025, German Council of Economic Experts / Sachverständigenrat zur Begutachtung der gesamtwirtschaftlichen Entwicklung.
  • Handle: RePEc:zbw:svrwwp:325827
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    References listed on IDEAS

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