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(H)ausquartiert: Regionale Unterschiede beim Zugang zu Wohneigentum
[Dreaming of a home: The regional divide in housing affordability]

Author

Listed:
  • Osswald do Amaral, Francisco
  • Staratschek, Gereon
  • Zdrzalek, Jonas
  • Zetzmann, Steffen

Abstract

Der gestiegene Eigenkapitalbedarf stellt die zentrale Hürde beim Immobilienerwerb in Deutschland dar. Im Median musste ein durchschnittlicher Haushalt, zwischen 2015 und 2024, 9,37 Jahre sparen, um das erforderliche Eigenkapital aufzubringen. • Einen wesentlichen Anteil macht hierbei nicht der Preis an sich aus, sondern die anfallenden Erwerbsnebenkosten. Allein für die Grunderwerbsteuer sowie die Notar- und Grundbuchkosten beträgt die mediane Sparzeit 1,46 Jahre. • Die regionale Ungleichheit ist erheblich: Die Sparzeit für den gesamten Eigenkapitalbedarf variiert zwischen den Kreisen stark und erreicht in München und seinem Umland sowie in anderen besonders teuren Wachstumsregionen Werte von weit über 20 Jahren. • Ein Vergleich zeigt: Hohe Gesamtbelastungen sind vor allem Ausdruck hoher Preise. Bei den Erwerbsnebenkosten kommen darüber hinaus Unterschiede zum Tragen, die auf die unterschiedlichen Grunderwerbsteuersätze der Bundesländer zurückzuführen sind. • Diese Einstiegshürde trifft diejenigen besonders hart, die über kein Vermögen und keine familiäre Unterstützung verfügen. Der Zugang zu Wohneigentum, und somit auch die Möglichkeit des Vermögensaufbaus, ist regional ungleich verteilt. • Wenn die Politik den Zugang zu Wohneigentum erleichtern möchte, sollte sie deshalb insbesondere bei den einmaligen Erwerbsnebenkosten ansetzen. Hier liegt ein eher kurzfristig beeinflussbarer Hebel als beim Preisniveau selbst. @• The rise in total upfront cash requirement has become the main obstacle to homeownership in Germany. Between 2015 and 2024, the average household needed a median of 9.37 years to save the necessary funds for a home purchase. • A substantial share of this burden comes not from the price itself, but from the closing costs incurred at purchase. For the real estate transfer tax and notary and land registry fees alone, the median saving time amounts to 1.46 years. • Regional inequality is considerable: the time needed to save for the total upfront cash requirement varies sharply across districts and exceeds 20 years in Munich and its surrounding area, as well as in other particularly expensive growth regions. • A comparison shows that high overall burdens primarily reflect high prices. In the case of closing costs, however, additional differences arise from the variation in real estate transfer tax rates across the German states. • This entry barrier hits those who lack wealth and family support especially hard. Access to homeownership, and thus also the opportunity to build wealth, is unevenly distributed across regions. • If policymakers want to broaden access to homeownership, they should focus in particular on one-off closing costs. This is a policy lever that can be influenced more readily in the short run than the price level itself.

Suggested Citation

  • Osswald do Amaral, Francisco & Staratschek, Gereon & Zdrzalek, Jonas & Zetzmann, Steffen, 2026. "(H)ausquartiert: Regionale Unterschiede beim Zugang zu Wohneigentum [Dreaming of a home: The regional divide in housing affordability]," Kiel Policy Briefs 210, Kiel Institute for the World Economy.
  • Handle: RePEc:zbw:ifwkpb:340034
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Fritzsche, Carolin & Vandrei, Lars, 2019. "The German real estate transfer tax: Evidence for single-family home transactions," Regional Science and Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 131-143.
    2. Besley, Timothy & Meads, Neil & Surico, Paolo, 2014. "The incidence of transaction taxes: Evidence from a stamp duty holiday," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 119(C), pages 61-70.
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    JEL classification:

    • R21 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Household Analysis - - - Housing Demand
    • R31 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Real Estate Markets, Spatial Production Analysis, and Firm Location - - - Housing Supply and Markets
    • D31 - Microeconomics - - Distribution - - - Personal Income and Wealth Distribution
    • G51 - Financial Economics - - Household Finance - - - Household Savings, Borrowing, Debt, and Wealth

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