Evaluation of Green Logistics and Decarbonization Strategies in Terms of Economic Efficiency and Environmental Outcomes

The increasing urgency of environmental sustainability has made green logistics and decarbonization strategies central to modern supply chain management. Green logistics focuses on minimizing the environmental impact of transportation, warehousing, and distribution activities by integrating energy-efficient technologies, optimizing routes, and promoting sustainable packaging solutions. Decarbonization strategies, on the other hand, aim to reduce carbon dioxide emissions across the entire supply chain, encompassing production, procurement, transportation, and end-of-life processes. This study evaluates the economic efficiency and environmental outcomes of implementing such strategies in firms of varying sizes and sectors. A mixed-method approach, combining quantitative analysis of cost and emission data with qualitative assessments from industry experts, was employed. The findings indicate that while the initial investment in green technologies and low-carbon logistics solutions may increase operational costs in the short term, the long-term economic benefits, including energy savings, improved operational efficiency, and enhanced brand reputation, outweigh these expenditures. Furthermore, significant reductions in greenhouse gas emissions and resource consumption were observed, demonstrating that sustainability initiatives contribute not only to environmental preservation but also to competitive advantage in the marketplace. The study also highlights the role of policy support, stakeholder engagement, and digital technologies, such as data-driven monitoring and artificial intelligence-based route optimization, in enhancing the effectiveness of green logistics and decarbonization efforts. The results provide actionable insights for managers, policymakers, and researchers seeking to balance economic performance with ecological responsibility. Overall, the integration of green logistics and decarbonization strategies is presented as a viable pathway toward sustainable and resilient supply chain operations, promoting both corporate profitability and environmental stewardship.