Tanzimat'tan Günümüze Türkiye'de Enerji Üretimi

This paper analyzes the history of energy production in Turkey from the late 19th Century to 2008. It tries to give a brief and comprehensive review of its evolution starting from the early exploration efforts to first discoveries, and to the start of first production for each energy source. While doing that it discusses the historical developments and key milestones in institutional, regulatory and policy frameworks. Over the past hundred years Turkey’s primary energy consumption has increased tremendously. Since domestic energy production has not kept up with increasing demand, the country has become more and more dependent on imports to satisfy its energy needs. At the same time, Turkey has underutilized its enormous lignite reserves and renewable energy resources and is still underexplored for oil and gas. This awkward picture is the result of unsound policies and lack of State energy strategy, except in the early years of the Republic.