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Endogenous Switching Costs and the Incentive for High Quality Entry

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  • Tomaso Duso

Abstract

This paper analyzes how the strategic use of switching costs by an incumbent influences entry, price competition and the entrant's incentive to introduce a high quality product, in a market with vertically differentiated goods. We can prove the existence of a unique subgame perfect equilibrium whose characteristics depends on the costs of developing quality. If these costs are low, the entrant strongly differentiates its product and price competition is tougher than without switching costs. If the costs of product's quality are in the middle range, the entrant differentiates its product less and each firm specializes on a group of customers. This implies a less competitive industry since both suppliers have market power over their purchasers. If the costs of differentiation are high enough, entry is deterred through the strategic use of switching costs. Furthermore we can show that the entrant always underinvests in quality when compared to the case of no switching costs. The equilibrium outcome is inefficient, since total welfare decreases in the presence of switching costs. Policy suggestions are discussed. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG - (Endogene Wechselkosten und die Anreize zum Markteintritt von Hochqualitätsproduzenten) In diesem Beitrag wird analysiert, wie ein .Incumbent. durch die strategische Wahl von Wechselkosten - in einem Markt mit vertikal-differenzierten Gütern - den Eintritt, den Preiswettbewerb und die Qualitätswahl von potentiellen Wettbewerbern beeinflussen kann. Der Artikel zeigt die Existenz von einem eindeutigen teilspielperfekten Gleich-gewicht, dessen Merkmale von den Qualitätskosten abhängen. Sind diese Kosten niedrig, so differenziert die eintretende Firma ihr Produkt stärker und der Preiswettbewerb ist intensiver als ohne Wechselkosten. Wenn die Qualitätskosten in einem mittleren Bereich liegen, differenziert die eintretende Firma ihr Produkt weniger und die Firmen spezialisieren sich auf unterschiedliche Konsumentengruppen. Dies reduziert die Wettbewerbsintensität, da beide Produzenten Marktmacht über ihre jeweiligen Kunden besitzen. Wenn die Differenzierungskosten hoch genug sind, wird der Eintritt durch die strategische Nutzung von Wechselkosten verhindert. Außerdem zeigt der Artikel, daß die eintretende Firma im Gleichgewicht immer weniger in Qualität investiert als ohne Wechselkosten. Das Gleichgewicht ist ineffizient, weil die Wohlfahrtmit Wechselkosten abnimmt. Wirtschaftspolitische Implikationen werden diskutiert.

Suggested Citation

  • Tomaso Duso, 1999. "Endogenous Switching Costs and the Incentive for High Quality Entry," CIG Working Papers FS IV 99-29, Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin (WZB), Research Unit: Competition and Innovation (CIG).
  • Handle: RePEc:wzb:wzebiv:fsiv99-29
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