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Was Freedom Road a Dead End? Political and socio-economic effects of Reconstruction in the American South

Author

Listed:
  • Jeffry Frieden

    (Harvard University)

  • Richard S.Grossman

    (Department of Economics, Wesleyan University)

  • Daniel Lowery

    (Harvard University)

Abstract

We investigate how Reconstruction affected Black political participation and socioeconomic advancement after the American Civil War. We use the location of federal troops and Freedmen’s Bureau offices to indicate more intensive federal enforcement of civil rights. We find greater political empowerment and socio-economic advances by Blacks where Reconstruction was more rigorously enforced and that those effects persisted at least until the early twentieth century, although these advances were weaker in cotton-plantation zones. We suggest a mechanism leading from greater Black political power to higher local property taxes, through to higher levels of Black schooling and greater Black socio-economic achievement.

Suggested Citation

  • Jeffry Frieden & Richard S.Grossman & Daniel Lowery, 2024. "Was Freedom Road a Dead End? Political and socio-economic effects of Reconstruction in the American South," Wesleyan Economics Working Papers 2024-003, Wesleyan University, Department of Economics.
    • Handle: RePEc:wes:weswpa:2024-003
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    File URL: http://repec.wesleyan.edu/pdf/rgrossman/2024003_grossman.pdf
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    JEL classification:

    • N31 - Economic History - - Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Welfare, Income, Wealth, Religion, and Philanthropy - - - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
    • P10 - Political Economy and Comparative Economic Systems - - Capitalist Economies - - - General
    • O10 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - General
    • O51 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economywide Country Studies - - - U.S.; Canada

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