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What is wrong with the self-targeting of food aid?

Author

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  • Galtier, F.

Abstract

Self-targeting (ST) is a method used to allocate social transfers to specific households. Its principle is very simple: transfers are proposed to all households in the community, but conditions are created to discourage households that are not in need from asking for them. Three modalities are used: low-quality food is distributed; queues are created intentionally when distributing food or cash; or a matching contribution in the form of work is required. Experts are usually enthusiastic about ST because it is proving to be much more cost-effective than classical targeting methods (T). However, some experts share the feeling that “there is something wrong with ST”. This article provides the first systematic analysis of the ethical issues raised by ST. It assesses ST under a wide spectrum of ethics approaches (consequentialist and non-consequentialist; objectivist and subjectivist), the counterfactuals being “no transfers” and “transfers targeted trough T”. It appears that ST raises huge ethical issues. The potential implications for policies are far-reaching, since self-targeting is widely and increasingly used to channel emergency food aid and other social transfers. ....French Abstract: L’auto-ciblage est une méthode utilisée pour allouer des transferts sociaux à des catégories spécifiques de ménages. Son principe est très simple: les transferts sont proposés à l’ensemble des ménages d’une communauté, mais des conditions sont créées pour que les ménages qui ne sont pas dans le besoin ne demandent pas à les recevoir. Trois modalités sont utilisées: distribuer de la nourriture de mauvaise qualité; créer intentionnellement des files d’attente au moment de la distribution d’argent ou de nourriture; réclamer une contrepartie sous forme de travail d’intérêt général. Les experts sont habituellement enthousiastes concernant l’auto-ciblage parce qu’il s’est révélé beaucoup plus efficace et moins couteux que les méthodes classiques de ciblage. Néanmoins, certains experts sentent « qu’il y a quelque chose qui ne va pas avec l’auto-ciblage ». Cet article propose la première analyse systématique des problèmes éthiques soulevés par l’auto-ciblage. Il évalue l’auto-ciblage à la lumière d’un vaste éventail de théories éthiques (conséquentialistes et non-conséquentialistes ; objectivistes et subjectivistes), en utilisant comme contrefactuels l’absence de transferts et la présence de transferts ciblés par des méthodes classiques. Il apparaît que l’auto-ciblage pose des problèmes éthiques importants. Les implications pour les politiques sont considérables, l’auto-ciblage étant très largement (et de plus en plus) utilisé pour allouer l’aide alimentaire et d’autres transferts sociaux.

Suggested Citation

  • Galtier, F., 2020. "What is wrong with the self-targeting of food aid?," Working Papers MoISA 202004, UMR MoISA : Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (social and nutritional sciences): CIHEAM-IAMM, CIRAD, INRAE, L'Institut Agro, Montpellier SupAgro, IRD - Montpellier, France.
  • Handle: RePEc:umr:wpaper:202004
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