Uretimin Teknoloji Yogunlugu: Turkiye’ye Iliskin Gozlemler

[TR] Bu calismada, Turkiye ekonomisinde sanayi uretiminin teknoloji yogunlugunun yakin donemdeki gelisimi hem makro duzeyde hem de firma duzeyinde gostergelerle ele alinmaktadir. Son on yillik donemde yuksek ve orta-yuksek teknoloji uretimi dikkat cekici bir artis kaydetmistir. Soz konusu donemde, Turkiye'nin teknoloji yogunluguna gore sanayi uretimindeki artis, Avrupa ulkelerinden olumlu yonde ayrismistir. Yuksek ve orta-yuksek teknoloji urunlerinin imalat sanayi icindeki payi halen OECD ortalamasinin altinda olmakla birlikte pandemi sonrasi donemde bu gruplarin performansi guclenmistir. Firma verilerinden mikro duzeyde hesaplanarak teknoloji gruplarina gore toplulastirilan gostergelere gore yuksek ve orta-yuksek teknoloji gruplarindaki firmalarin genel olarak likidite ve kârlilik oranlari yuksek, borcluluk oranlari ise dusuktur. Buna ek olarak, Ar-Ge harcamalari pandemi sonrasinda artis kaydetmistir. Ayrica, orta-yuksek ve yuksek teknoloji gruplarinin ihracat odakliligi diger gruplara gore daha yuksektir. Turkiye imalat sanayinin teknoloji yogunlugunda son on yillik donemde yakalanan guclu performansin surdurulmesi amaciyla Ar-Ge yatirimlarini destekleyen, isgucunun becerilerinin gelistirilmesine imkân veren, yapay zekâ ve dijitallesmeyi tesvik eden, yeni islerin ve kucuk ve orta olcekli girisimlerin daha kolay ortaya cikmasini destekleyen politikalar onemli gorulmektedir. [EN] This study examines the recent developments in the technological intensity of industrial production in the Turkish economy using indicators at both macro and firm levels. Over the past decade, there has been a notable increase in high- and medium-high-technology production. Indeed, during this period, the growth of industrial production by technological intensity in Türkiye has shown a positive divergence when compared to European countries. Although the share of high- and medium-hightechnology products in the manufacturing industry remains below the OECD average, the performance of these groups has strengthened in the post-pandemic period. According to aggregated indicators calculated at the micro level using firm data, on average, firms in high- and medium-high-technology groups generally exhibit higher liquidity and profitability ratios and lower debt ratios. In line with this, research and development (R&D) expenditures have increased in the post-pandemic period. Additionally, firms in the medium-high and high-technology groups are more export-oriented compared to other groups. To sustain the strong performance achieved in the technological intensity of Türkiye’s manufacturing industry over the past decade, policies that support R&D investments, enable workforce skill development, promote artificial intelligence and digitalization, and facilitate the emergence of new businesses and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are deemed important.