False Deeds under Private Signature

The crimes under the name of “False Offenses†constitute a well-defined and highly varied category in the vast sphere of facts considered to be dangerous. Any social relationship concerns and is based on a certain reality that the subjects of the relationship have in mind and whose existence therefore implies a mutual good faith and trust on the part of these subjects. Without the duty of respect for the truth and without the feeling of trust that the truth is actually respected, social relations would be possible only with difficult precautions and inevitable risks. Therefore, the criminal law considered that it is necessary that, in order to protect social relations, to ensure the normal formation and development of these relations, to be incriminated the deeds by committing which, altering the truth, creates a serious danger or harm certain social relations. These categories of facts can be determined either on the basis of the special way in which the truth is altered or on the specifics of the social relations reached by the act of altering the truth, or due to the nature of the trust that is given to the truth. These differences obviously appear in the sphere of crimes that involve an alteration of truth. In the group of false crimes, the alteration of the truth is made on some entities (things) which are legally attributed the property of serving as evidence of the truth they express or attest on the occasion of various social relations (coins, stamps, credit titles, seals, marking tools, documents, etc.), and trust is objectively given to the thing which in itself constitutes the proof of the truth.