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주요 선진국의 외국인직접투자 정책변화와 시사점 (Changes and Implications of FDI Policies in Major Developed Countries)

Author

Listed:
  • Jeong, Hyung-Gon

    (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP))

  • Lee, Ara

    (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP))

Abstract

우리나라는 경제규모 대비 외국인투자 유치 비중이 낮은 상황으로, 외국인투자를 유치하기 위해 다음과 같은 보완조치가 필요하다. 첫째, 여전히 우리나라는 대규모 외국인투자 유치를 위한 파격적 인센티브 수단을 갖추지 못하고 있어 이를 보완할 필요가 있다. 싱가포르의 경우 개척자 지위를 부여해 최대 15년간 조세면제와 같은 파격적인 조건들을 제시하고 있다. 둘째, 선진국 사례에서 얻을 수 있는 또 하나의 교훈은 이들 국가의 경우 현금지원 수단을 매우 적극적으로 활용하고 있다는 것이다. 단 우리의 경우 현금지원 수단 사용 시 외국인투자로 인해 얻을 수 있는 경제적 파급효과를 평가해서 이에 부합하도록 지원하는 방식을 모색할 필요가 있다. 특히 영국이나 미국의 경우도 입지지역의 경제적 낙후도를 평가하여 종합적으로 인센티브 지원방안을 조성하고 있다. 우리의 경우는 수도권과 비수도권으로 획일적으로 나누어서 기업지원을 달리하고 있으나, 영국의 경우 지역의 경제 낙후도 평가 시 실업률, GRDP, 재정자립도, 산업구조, 인프라 등을 종합적으로 고려하고 있다. Due to COVID-19, global FDI has decreased rapidly, and the trade environment to attract foreign investment is rapidly changing. Amid the decreasing inflow of FDI worldwide, the trend of corporate tax cuts continues as competition among major countries to attract foreign investment intensifies. The global average corporate tax in 2000 was 28.3%, but fell to 20% in 2021. The OECD average fell from 32.3% in 2000 to 22.9% in 2021. Along with the trend of corporate tax cuts to attract investment, there is also a movement to set the so-called global minimum corporate tax rate, aiming to prevent excessive corporate tax cuts. On July 1, 2021, following negotiations at the OECD, 130 countries which account for 90% of the world’s GDP agreed to apply the global minimum corporate tax rate of 15% from 2023. Subject to the application are multinational companies with total annual sales of EUR 750 million or more. In recent years, active reshoring policies to protect domestic industries and create jobs in developed countries have made it more difficult to attract FDI to Korea. On his fifth day in office, President Biden announced Executive Order 14005, which prioritizes the federal government’s financial support and procurement, laying the legal foundation for the revival of U.S. manufacturing and job creation through the “Made in America” and “Buy American” initiatives. In addition, the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (H.R. 3684), which legislated federal support for domestic infrastructure construction, passed both the Senate and the House of Representatives in the 117th Congress.(the rest omitted)

Suggested Citation

  • Jeong, Hyung-Gon & Lee, Ara, 2022. "주요 선진국의 외국인직접투자 정책변화와 시사점 (Changes and Implications of FDI Policies in Major Developed Countries)," Policy Reference 22-2, Korea Institute for International Economic Policy.
  • Handle: RePEc:ris:kiepre:2022_002
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    Keywords

    외국인직접투자; 해외직접투자 foreign direct investment; overseas direct investment;
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