일본 디지털전환 정책의 평가와 시사점(Japan’s Digital Transformation Policy and Implications for Korea)

본 연구는 코로나19 대유행 이후 일본의 디지털전환 정책을 연구 주제로 삼았다. 디지털전환의 범위는 ‘행정분야의 디지털화’, ‘산업의 디지털화 및 디지털전환’, 그리고 ‘디지털산업기반 정비’와 같이 비교적 광범위하다. 일본정부가 표방하는 IT·디지털 정책은 사실상 총무성 소관의 디지털정부 구현 정책을 의미하며, 산업분야에서는 경제산업성, 농림수산성, 국토교통성과 같은 정부부처의 각종 정책·시책으로 ‘분절’되어 있고, 디지털산업기반 영역에서는 주로 총무성과 경제산업성이 정책·시책을 분점하는 등, 디지털전환 정책을 체계적으로 접근하는 데에는 다소 한계가 있다. This study takes Japan's digital transformation policy as a research topic after the COVID-19 pandemic. The scope of digital transformationis relatively broad, such as digital government, digital transformation of industries, and building of digital industrial infrastructure. First, the Japanese government's digitalization in the administrative field, that is, the digital government policy, focuses on regulatory reform in the public domain, standardization of information systems between the government and local governments, and regulatory reform in the private sector. There is a general recognition that Japan is lagging behind Korea in terms of digital government, but in the field of private use of public data, Japan has already enacted the ‘Public-Private Data Basic Act’ in 2016 and many local governments have established public-private data utilization promotion plans. In Korea, among the so-called '3 Acts on Digital Transformation' submitted to the National Assembly in June 2021, the ‘Data Basic Act’ can be highly evaluated in that it lays the legal foundation to promote the use of public data by the private sector. However, it seems that the work of building a public information data base like Japan's 'Base Registry' should be accelerated. In relation to regulatory reform, the Korean government needs to closely review the Japanese government's permit for telemedicine in the course of responding to the COVID-19 pandemic. The Japanese government's regulatory reform in the medical field is ahead of Korea's as shown in the permission of online sales of over-the-counter drugs in 2014. Second, this study analyzed the Japanese government's digitaltransformation policies and corporate trends in manufacturing, agriculture,and infrastructure and logistics sectors. The Korean government’s ‘Digital New Deal’ policy also emphasizes digital transformation in industrial fields such as smart industrial complexes, smart cities, and smart logistics systems, but in terms of policy directions and technological capabilities to pursue in each area, it is necessary to closely examine the Japanese cases to promote domestic distribution and dissemination.(the rest omitted)