미국과 EU의 농업보조 변화와 정책 시사점 (Trade–Distorting Subsidies of the U.S. and the EU: What Can We Learn?)

Korean Abstract: 2010년 이후 미국과 EU의 무역왜곡보조가 정체 내지 증가추세를 보이고 있다. 무역왜곡보조 정체 또는 증가추세를 보이는 품목은 주로 넓은 토지에서 재배되고 있는 밀, 면화, 옥수수, 대두 등이다. 이러한 품목의 공통점은 해당 지역사회의 유지 및 지속가능 발전, 또는 해당 지역의 전통과 밀접한 연계가 있다는 점이다. 이에 무역왜곡보조를 무조건적으로 ‘감축보조’로 보기보다 농촌지역사회 유지 등 지역사회의 가치창출과 관련된 경우 특정 제약조건하에서 부분적으로 허용해 주는 방안을 국제적으로 검토할 필요가 있다. English Abstract: The Uruguay Round’s Agreement on Agriculture (AoA) categorized “domestic support” according to its presumed effect on trade. Subsidies that were deemed to be “trade distorting” were subject to limits specified in member schedules. Domestic agricultural policies have been radically reformed in a number of countries, including the U.S. and the EU (European Union). This reform has been in the direction of reducing reliance on price supports in favor of direct payments. Both the U.S. and the EU have found ways to adjust policy instruments to appear to show trade-distorting support reduction even when incentives to producers are maintained. In fact, both countries had significantly reduced their trade-distorting supports (TDS) from the initial stage of agricultural subsidies reduction. For example, the TDS of EU decreased to 10.4 billion Euro in 2012 from 73.4 billion Euro in 1995, which is almost 86 percent reduction. Similarly, the TDS of the U.S. shows the continuous declining trend during the period of 1999~2008, $ 24.3 billion in 1999 to $8.5 billion in 2007. However, there was a sharp reversal in this decreasing trends of the trade-distorting agricultural subsidies during the period of 2010~2019. Both economies started to increase, at least maintain their TDS level from around 2008~2010. As a result, EU’s TDS increased in recent years from 11.0 billion Euro in 2010 to 11.8 billion Euro in 2018. Particularly, the TDS of the U.S. significantly was increased by 2.2 times, from $ 15.6 billion 2008 to $ 34.6 billion in 2019. What happened in both economies during the last decade? (the rest omitted)