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한국의 비관세조치 현황 분석: 비관세조치 식별 DB구축을 중심으로 (An Analysis of Korea's Non-tariff Measures: Focused on Data Collection and Classification)

Author

Listed:
  • Kim , Jong Duk

    (Korea Institute for International Economic Policy)

  • Choi , Bo Young

    (Korea Institute for International Economic Policy)

  • Eom , Jun Hyun

    (Korea Institute for International Economic Policy)

  • Chung , Min-Chirl

    (Korea Institute for International Economic Policy)

Abstract

Korean Abstract: 전 세계적으로 FTA 등을 통한 자유화의 확산을 통해 낮아진 관세장벽을 대체하는 기술표준, 면허, 인증, 위생검역 등 비관세장벽이 실질적인 무역장벽으로 부각되고 있다. WTO가 통보하는 동식물 생검역(SPS) 및 무역상 기술장벽(TBT) 건수에 따르면 이러한 무역장벽은 1990년대 중반 이후부터 현재까지 지속적으로 크게 증가하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 이렇게 비관세장벽에 대한 논의의 중요성에도 불구하고, 실제로 이에 대한 실증연구는 부족한 상황이다. 또한, 비관세조치는 관세와 달리 계량화가 어려워 상대적으로 많은 연구가 이루어지지 못하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 한국의 비관세조치를 관련 법령을 통해 수집하여 이를 계량화된 자료로 구축함으로써, 우리나라의 현황을 살 펴보고 향후 국가별 비교・분석 및 우리나라 비관세조치 운용의 효과성 분석 등에 활용할 수 있는 기초연구를 실시하고자 한다. 본 연구는 UNCTAD의 전 세계 비관세조치(NTMs: Non-tariff measures) 데이터베이스 구축 프로젝트의 일환으로, 한국의 비관세조치를 식별하고 이를 통해 주요 분야별 무역장벽의 현황을 분석하였다. 최근 UNCTAD와 IMF, World Bank 등 국제기구는 Multiple Agency Support Team(MAST)을 구성하여 비관세조치 분류체계를 구축하고, 세계 56개국에 대한 DB 구축 작업을 완료 또는 작업 중에 있다. 본 연구도 역시 UNCTAD 및 ERIA(Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia)와 함께 한국의 비관세조치 DB 구축을 위한 프로젝트에 기반을 두고 있다. 본 연구의 DB 구축 작업은 한국의 25개 분야의 법령 및 행정규칙에 대한 분석을 통해 식별된 각 조치를 MAST 분류체계 및 UNCTAD의 자료 수집체계에 따라 한국의 비관세조치 현황 분석: 비관세조치 식별 DB구축을 중심으로 이루어진다. MAST 분류체계에 따르면 비관세조치는 A(동식물 위생검역조치)부터 P(수출관련조치)까지 크게 16가지 분류로 나누어지며, 세분화할 경우 총 235가지의 조치가 존재한다. UNCTAD의 자료 구축 체계는 맵핑(mapping), 코딩(coding), 교차검증(cross-checking)의 3단계로 이루어지는데, 본 연구는 맵핑과 코딩 단계를 통해 한국의 비관세조치를 식별하는 것에 주안점을 둔다. English Abstract: Tariff rates have become lower under the GATT/WTO regime while the use of non-tariff measures has increased acquiring growing importance. Despite the significance, less work has been done to assess the effect of non-tariff measures on various economic variables compared to the effects of tariffs. This was mainly due to limited data on non-tariff measures. The purpose of this report is to introduce and illustrate the newly collected data on Korea’s NTM which will be included in the UNCTAD NTM database. Based on the classification of the Multiple Agency Support Team (MAST), UNCTAD has collaborated with countries around the world to collect non-tariff measures data. Currently the data cover 57 countries and more than 80% of world trade. However, the data has yet to include information on Korea's NTMs. First, this report illustrates the legal structure and sources of Korea and show how the Korea NTM data is collected from the sources. We collect NTMs from regulations of all types at national level, which come into effect in 2016. The primary source of the Korean NTM data is the National Law Information Center website, which is a centralized source for regulations of all types at all levels across government bodies. Based on the information from this website, we compile and organize the data following the MAST classification. Out of 44 fields, we identify 25 fields that are potentially related to international trade. In this report, we selectively choose 15 priority fields and illustrate NTMs and regulations of Korea. We identified around 1,400 NTMs for the 15 fields. Of the 1,400 NTMs, 40% of the NTMs are classified as technical measures, either TBT (Technical Barriers to Trade) or SPS(Sanitary and Phytosanitary) measures. Many of the NTMs were concentrated in the agriculture and fisheries industry, which is consistent with the stylized fact. On the other hand, no NTMs were found in fields such as military, labor or marine transportation. We also found that many government ministries or agencies other than the Ministry of trade, industry and energy are involved in NTMs. This implies that many of the NTMs of Korea have non-economic objectives such as food safety or environmental protection. Although it is not covered in this report, the information on products that are potentially affected by each NTMs classified by HS codes at 10-digit level will be added to the data. The new NTM database once finished collecting, will allow us to implement further empirical study including evaluation on various NTMs on trade and welfare.

Suggested Citation

  • Kim , Jong Duk & Choi , Bo Young & Eom , Jun Hyun & Chung , Min-Chirl, 2016. "한국의 비관세조치 현황 분석: 비관세조치 식별 DB구축을 중심으로 (An Analysis of Korea's Non-tariff Measures: Focused on Data Collection and Classification)," Policy Reference 16-11, Korea Institute for International Economic Policy.
  • Handle: RePEc:ris:kiepre:2016_011
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