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중국의 내수용 수입구조 변화와 한국의 대응 (The Structural Changes in China's Import Market for Domestic Demand and its Implications for Korea)

Author

Listed:
  • Jung , Jihyun

    (Korea Institute for International Economic Policy)

  • Jin , Furong

    (Incheon National University)

Abstract

Korean Abstract: 중국은 지속가능한 성장 추구, 글로벌 금융위기 등 대내외 여건 변화에 대응하기 위해 경제성장방식을 내수 주도형으로 전환하고 있다. 이를 위해 소득분배 개선, 사회보장제도 확충, 신형도시화 추진, 서비스업 발전 등 다양한 내수진작책을 추진하고 있으며 가공무역 억제, 국내기업의 수입대체능력 및 생산성 향상, 산업고도화 등을 독려하고 있다. 이에 따라 중국의 가공무역용 수입이 감소하고, 중국 내 소비용 일반무역 수입이 빠르게 증가하고 있다. 한편 한국은 한·중 FTA 및 양국 경제협력 등을 통해 급성장하고 있는 중국 내수시장에 대한 접근성을 제고하고자 노력하고 있으나, 최근 한국의 대중수출이 석유화학, 디스플레이, 일반기계류 등을 중심으로 위축되면서 대중 수출 전략에 대한 근본적인 점검 필요성이 커지고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 중국의 내수용 수입시장의 구조 변화, 한국을 포함한 주요국의 대중 내수용 수출 현황과 경쟁관계를 분석하고 우리의 대중수출 확대방안을 모색하였다. 이를 위해 내수용 수입시장의 특징을 가공단계별(18개 세부단계), 업종별(24개 세부업종)로 분석하였으며, 시장점유율, 시장비교우위(MCA), 수출경합도 분석 등을 통하여 중국의 내수용 수입시장 내 한국과 대만·일본·미국·독일 간의 경쟁관계를 파악하였다. 연구결과, 한국의 대중수출 둔화는 한국의 수출이 집중된 분야(가공무역, 중간재, 전자·화학)를 중심으로 중국 수입시장에서 차지하는 비중이 축소되고, 중국의 자체 생산능력 부족으로 수입수요가 증가하는 분야에서는 대만·일본 등과의 경쟁이 심화되는데 주로 기인한 것으로 나타났다. 이에 한국은 내수용 부품·부분품의 수출경쟁력 강화, 중국의 수입수요가 급증하는 가정용 식음료품·전기장비·화장품 등 소비재 시장 진출 확대, 비교우위가 있는 전자·화학 분야의 고부가가치화 및 상품차별화, 수출업종의 다변화, 대만(전자부품·컴퓨터·통신장비 제품 관련 부품·부분품 시장) 및 일본(화학제품 관련 반제품 시장)과의 경쟁에 대한 대응책 강구 등이 필요한 것으로 분석되었다. English Abstract: In response to the change of internal and external conditions such as the pursuit of sustainable growth and global financial crisis, China is switching the economic growth method to domestic demand-led growth. For this purpose, it is promoting various plans to boost domestic demand such as the improvement of income distribution, expansion of social security system, promotion of new urbanization, and development of service industry, and it is also encouraging the suppression of processing trade, enhancement of domestic companies’ import-substituting capacity and productivity, and industrial upgrading. As a result, the imports for processing trade has been reduced while the general trade targeting China’s internal consumption (domestic demand) is rapidly increasing. On the other hand, Korea is trying to improve access to China’s domestic market which is showing a rapid growth through the Korea-China FTA and the bilateral economic cooperation between the two countries; however, with the current downswing in Korea’s exports of petrochemical products, displays and general machinery to China, there is a growing need to check its export strategy to China. Thus, this study aims to seek ways to expand Korea’s exports to China by analyzing the structural changes in China’s import market for domestic demand, Korea and other major countries’ export status and competitive relationship. In particular, the characteristics of the import market for domestic demand was analyzed by the processing steps (18 detailed steps) and the type of industry (24 detailed industries), and the competitive relationships between Korea and other major countries(Taiwan, Japan, United States, Germany) in China’s import market for domestic demand were identified through the analysis of market share, market comparative advantage, and export similarity. This study reveals that slowdown of Korea's exports to China is because the importance of the areas (processing trade, intermediate goods, electronics and chemistry) where Korea's exports are concentrated have decreased in China's import market for domestic demand, and because Korea’s competition with Taiwan and Japan is deepening in the areas where demand is increasing due to the lack of China’s own production capacity. Korea need strengthening of export competitiveness of parts and components for China’s domestic demand; expansion of the market entry for China’s consumer goods such as household food and beverage, electrical equipment, cosmetics whose demand is soaring; value addition and product differentiation in the electronics and chemistry areas with comparative advantages; diversification of export industries; and devising countermeasures against competition with Taiwan (electronic parts and computers related parts and components) and Japan (chemical product related semi-finished products).

Suggested Citation

  • Jung , Jihyun & Jin , Furong, 2015. "중국의 내수용 수입구조 변화와 한국의 대응 (The Structural Changes in China's Import Market for Domestic Demand and its Implications for Korea)," Policy Reference 15-1, Korea Institute for International Economic Policy.
  • Handle: RePEc:ris:kiepre:2015_001
    DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2783543
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    Keywords

    Import Market; Domestic Market; Korea; Domestic Market; China; Trade; Korea; China;
    All these keywords.

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