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일본의 노동력 부족 대응 전략과 시사점(Labor Shortages in Japan: Policy Responses and Implications)

Author

Listed:
  • Sung Chun Jung

    (Korea Institute for International Economic Policy (KIEP))

  • Jung Eun Lee

    (Korea Institute for International Economic Policy (KIEP))

Abstract

본 연구에서는 일본 노동력 부족 실태와 이에 대한 대응 전략을 분석하였다. 일본의 노동력 부족을 역사적으로 고찰하면 1970년대 전반의 고도 성장기 말기, 1980년대 후반에서 1990년대 전반의 버블 경제기, 2010년대 중반부터 현재에 이르는 시기로 구분할 수 있다. 1970년대 노동력 부족은 급격한 경제성장에 따른 노동수요의 폭발적 증가가 원인이었고, 버블 경제기 노동력 부족은 서비스업으로의 산업 구조 전환에 따른 노동수요 증가와 주 40시간제 도입 등에 따른 노동공급 제약이 복합적으로 맞물리면서 발생하였다. 2010년대 이후의 노동력 부족은 저출산·고령화에 따른 생산연령인구의 지속적인 감소라는 구조적 요인에 기인하므로 노동력 부족이 만성적으로 고착되고 있다는 특징이 있다. 이 보고서의 제2장에서는 일본 노동력 부족 현황과 특징, 그 구조적 배경에 대해 자세히 고찰하였다. This study examines Japan’s labor shortage, tracing it from cyclical tightness in the early 1970s and the late-1980s/early-1990s bubble to a structural shortfall since the mid-2010s driven by the sustained contraction of the working-age population. Earlier episodes were demand-led and policy-induced (for example, the transition to a 40-hour work week), whereas today’s tightness is demographic in origin and therefore persistent. Chapter 2 details these dynamics and the underlying structural constraints.

Suggested Citation

  • Sung Chun Jung & Jung Eun Lee, 2025. "일본의 노동력 부족 대응 전략과 시사점(Labor Shortages in Japan: Policy Responses and Implications)," Policy Reference 25-8, Korea Institute for International Economic Policy.
    • Handle: RePEc:ris:kiepre:022551
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