기후·환경변화가 이주 및 노동시장에 미치는 영향 연구(Effects of Environmental Changes on Migration and Labor Market Outcomes )

본 보고서는 환경이주의 다양한 양상을 종합적으로 다룬 최초의 국문 연구이다. 본 보고서에서는 기후 및 환경 변화가 이주와 노동시장에 미치는 영향을 현지조사, 전문가 면담, 사례조사, 문헌조사 및 실증분석을 통해 규명하고자 하였다. 분석 결과 기후변화 및 자연재해의 직간접적 영향으로 인한 국제이주는 앞으로 가속화될 것으로 보인다. 한국 역시 이 영향력에서 자유롭지 않은바, 환경이주가 야기할 산업 및 노동시장 재편에 대한 선제적인 대응책 마련이 필요하다. This report provides a comprehensive investigation of environmental migration, which is expected to accelerate in the future due to the direct and indirect effects of climate change and natural disasters. The report is the first Korean-language study to address the various aspects of environmental migration and employs various research methods, includingfield research, expert interviews, case studies, literature review, and empirical analysis. Chapter 2 classifies migration due to climate and environmental factors into three categories: i) displacement due to extreme weather events and disasters, ii) displacement due to gradual climate change, and iii) displacement due to a combination of factors. It reviews the current status, cases, and prospects of each category. This chapter also highlights the impact of various environmental factors such as typhoons, floods, extreme heat events, earthquakes, and volcanic eruptions, which can cause immediate displacement of large numbers of people. Chapters 3 through 5 conduct case studies in Central America, Africa, and Southeast Asia, respectively. Chapter 3 provides case studies of Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador, and Honduras, examining how climate change and the frequent occurrence of intense natural disasters are linked to migration in these countries. In these countries, declining agricultural productivity, particularly among subsistence farmers and seasonal laborers, is likely to worsen the socioeconomic situation, leading them to choose migration as a last resort climate change adaptation mechanism. Chapter 4 examines climate and environmental factors and migration trends in Morocco, Senegal, Nigeria, and Somalia. This chapter illustrates how climate change and environmental change are driving migration in these countries through case studies and field research. The impact of drought on migration in Morocco, Senegal, and Nigeria is particularly significant, with increased internal, international, temporary, and permanent migration due to drought. The more agriculturally dependent and drought-affected communities are, the more likely they are to choose to migrate themselves or their family members as an adaptation to environmental change.(the rest ormitted)