한ㆍEU FTA 10주년 성과 평가 및 시사점(Ten Years of Korea-EU FTA: Achievements and Way Forward)

2011년 발효된 한·EU FTA는 한국이 대규모 교역상대와 체결한 최초의 FTA이자, EU가 추진한 차세대 FTA의 첫 사례로 평가된다. 한·EU FTA 발효 10주년을 맞아 본 연구에서는 한·EU FTA의 의의를 돌아보고, 그 영향을 무역· 투자·서비스·양자 간 경제관계 등 다양한 측면에서 분석하였다. 또한 한·EU FTA의 이행 경험, EU가 최근 체결한 주요 FTA 등을 바탕으로 한·EU FTA의 나아갈 방향을 모색하였으며, 한·EU 간 경제협력 심화방안을 제시하였다. The year 2011 marked the 10th anniversary of the free trade agreement (FTA) between Korea and the European Union (EU). The Korea-EU FTA was Korea’s first FTA with a major trading partner and the first case of the EU’s “next generation”FTAs.At the 10th anniversary of its entry into force, this report looks back on the meaning of the Korea-EU FTA and analyzes its impact on the bilateral economic relationship between the two economies. Followingthe entry into force of the FTA, Korea’s export to the EU stagnated, while Korea’s import from the EU increased, particularly during the eurozone crisis in 2011-2013. Among the EU member countries, Korea’s major export partners include not only large Western European countries such as Germany, United Kingdom and the Netherlands,but also the Central and Eastern European Countries (CEECs) such as Poland, Slovakia and Czech Republic.In particular, Korea’s export to the latter countries increased substantially after the FTA enteredinto force.Also, Korea’s import from the CEECs more than tripled after the entry into force of the FTA, though Western Europe’s share still remained much larger. Industrial products take a large share both in Korea’s export to and import from the EU, while consumer products and high-tech equipment also take a big share in Korea’s import from the EU. Both Korea’s export to and import from the EU diversified after the entry into force of the FTA. The EU is the second largest (about 14 percent) foreign investor in Korea and the largest destination (about 41 per cent) of Korea’s investment abroad. The EU’s investment in Korea was larger thaninvestment the other way around before the FTA, but the opposite becametrue after the FTA. Western Europe receives most of Korea’s investment in the EU, but Poland and Hungary’s share is rapidlyincreasing in recent years. The EU’s investment in Korea comes mostly from Western Europe and Malta. While Korea’s investment in the EU is concentrated in services (about 62 per cent), manufacturing’s share is rapidly increasing in recent years. The EU’s investment in Korea is more balanced between services (about 53 per cent) and manufacturing (about 44 per cent). (the rest omitted)