국제사회의 부동산 보유세 논의 방향과 거시경제적 영향 분석(The Policy Direction of International Organizations on Immovable Property Tax and Its Impact on the Macro Economy)

2008년 글로벌 금융위기 이후 전 세계적으로 불평등이 심화되고 있는 가운데 자산불평등이 소득불평등보다 더 심화되고 있다. 한국도 예외는 아니다. 불평등 심화는 그 자체로 끝나지 않고 기회의 불평등, 나아가 계층 간의 이동을 억제하고 이는 불평등을 더욱 심화시켜 악순환을 만들어내는 것이 더 큰 문제이다. 이에 따라 국제사회는 불평등을 완화하고 포용성장을 위한 일환으로 부동산 보유세를 비롯한 재산과세 강화를 권고하고 있다. 국내에서도 부동산 보유세 등 재산과세 논의가 활발하다. 그래서 본 연구는 부동산 보유세에 대한 국제사회 및 주요국의 정책 방향을 조사하고 부동산 보유세가 거시경제에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고자 한다. Since the 2008 global financial crisis, inequality has been increasing worldwide. In particular, levels of wealth (asset) inequality are increasing further than income inequality. And Korea is no exception. This deepening of inequality is more worrisome in that it leads to inequality of opportunity while suppressing movement between classes, which in turn deepens inequality, creating a vicious cycle of inequality. This is a bigger problem than the inequality itself. The international communities are calling for stronger property taxes, including recurrent taxes on immovable property, as part of mitigating inequality and promoting inclusive growth. In Korea, there is heated discussion on property taxes, such as recurrent taxes on immovable property including the comprehensive real estate tax. Therefore, this study aims to investigate policy directions in international organizations and major countries on immovable property tax andexamine the effect of property tax on the macro economy. This study consists of four parts. In Chapter 2, we examine the direction of international organizations’ tax policy on immovable property and the current real estate tax system of major countries. The international communities, represented by organizations such as the OECD, World Bank, and IMF, have been calling for stronger property taxes, such as recurrent taxes on immovable property, since the global financial crisis in 2008, and this trend has continued even after the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. In particular, the introduction or reinforcement of a wealth tax, a new type of property tax, has recently become an issue of discussion. When comparing the real estate taxation systems of Korea, the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, and Singapore, several characteristics become evident for Korea. In terms of the purpose of imposing immovable property tax, these major economies and Korea share the aim of securing localgovernment finances, but the difference is that the international communities are focusing more on inclusive growth and improvinginequality, while Korea is more focused on stabilizing the real estate market. (the rest omitted)