중국인의 삶의 질 분석: 전면적 소강사회에 대한 경제학적 고찰((Moderately Prosperous Society in All Respects: An Economic Study of Chinese People’s Quality of Life)

개방ㆍ개혁과 함께 40여 년을 급히 달려온 결과, 2020년 중국의 1인당 GDP는 1만 달러를 넘어섰다. 그리고 2021년 중국정부는 ‘절대적 빈곤 탈피’를 강조하며 전면적 소강사회 달성을 선언했다. 덩샤오핑이 최초 제기했던 ‘소강사회’는 ‘절대적 빈곤 탈피’를 그 목적으로 했지만, 2002년부터 제기된 ‘전면적 소강사회’는 중국정부의 지표에서도 나타나듯이 절대적 빈곤과 함께 사회통합을 위한 상대적 빈곤의 해결도 일부 그 목표로 하고 있다. China’s per capita GDP surpassed $10,000 in 2020 as a result ofits rapidly conducted 40 years of opening and reform (gaige kaifang). The Chinese government emphasized that Chinese people all moved above the “absolute poverty level” in 2021 andannounced that it has achieved a Moderately Prosperous Society in All Respects (quanmian xiaokang shehui). In contrast to Deng Xiaoping’s original proposal, which sought to escape absolute poverty. the proposal to build a Moderately Prosperous Society in All Respects, set forth in 2002, aims to resolve both absolute poverty and relative poverty for social cohesion. This is also evident from the Chinese government’s official checklist. In light of this, Chapter 2 examines the definition, indicators, conceptual change, and development of the Chinese government’s “moderately prosperous society,” and evaluates China’s moderately prosperous society in all respects by comparing the quality of life in various nations. In particular, from the perspective of China, this research investigated the change in the quality of life ofChinese people using the white paper “China’s Epic Journey fromPoverty to Prosperity.” Also, from a global perspective, we compared the quality of life in China and major countries with the UNDP’s Human Development Index (HDI) and the UN’s Happiness Index (HI). In terms of eradicating poverty, the quality of life for Chinese citizens appears to have been improved in general. However, China is still yet to reach its target in some areas, including the average number of years of education and productivity per capita. In addition, in terms of social integration, the gap in Chinese society has widened further. Based on the analysis framework presented by the OECD’s Better Living Index (BLI), in terms of income inequality, wealth inequality, and fertility rate, it is hard to conclude that China has achieved its own set of goals. Within the general framework laid out in Chapter 2, Chapter 3 investigates the quality of life of Chinese people by analyzing the Chinese Family Panel Survey (CFPS) data from 2012 and 2018.(the rest omitted)