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신보호주의하에서 미국의 대외경제정책 평가와 방향(Evaluation and Direction of U.S. International Economic Policies under Neo-Protectionism)

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본 연구에서는 트럼프 행정부 임기 4년 동안 실시되었던 보호주의적 대외경제정책의 영향을 분석 및 평가하고, 2020년 11월 미국 대선으로 출범한 바이든 행정부가 추진하고 있거나 추진할 예정인 대외경제정책의 방향을 전망하고자 하였다. 전임 트럼프 대통령은 ‘미국우선주의(America First)’를 대외경제정책 기조로 내세우며 자국 통상법인 201조, 232조, 301조에 근거하여 대미 교역국을 상대로 수입제한 및 관세부과 조치를 시행하였다. 이와 같은 트럼프 행정부의 다양한 무역구제제도를 활용한 통상정책은 해당 조치의 영향을 받게 된 국가들로부터 큰 반감을 불러일으켰을 뿐만 아니라, 트럼프 행정부의 그와 같은 정책에 대한 대응으로서 각국의 대미 보복관세부과 및 WTO 제소 등의 빌미를 제공하였다. 또한 트럼프 행정부는 기존에 체결된 일부 무역협정이 미국에 불리하다는 점을 내세우며 재협상을 강력하게 추진하였을 뿐만 아니라, 양자주의에 기반한 신규 무역협상도 적극적으로 실시하였다. 특히 전자의 대표적인 예로는 취임한 지 3일 만에 발표한 환태평양경제동반자협정(TPP) 탈퇴, 북미자유무역협정(NAFTA) 재협상을 통한 미국-멕시코-캐나다협정(USMCA) 타결, 한ㆍ미 FTA 재협상을 꼽을 수 있다.This study analyzes and evaluates the impact of foreign economic policies implemented during the Trump administration's four-year tenure, and aims to predict the direction of foreign economic policies under the Biden administration launched following the 2020 presidential election. The former President Trump put “America First” as the slogan of economic policies and imposed import restrictions and tariffs on trading partners based on Sections 201, 232, and 301 of U.S. trade acts. The Trump administration's trade policies using various trade remedies not only aroused great antipathy from countries affected by those measures, but also led to retaliatory tariffs on U.S. goods and services from other countries. In addition, the Trump administration strongly promoted renegotiation, claiming that some existing trade agreements had been concluded unfavorably to the U.S., and also actively conducted new trade negotiations based on bilateralism.In this study, we conduct an empirical analysis to find out how the Trump administration's tariffs on imports had an effect on the U.S. economy. First, we examine the effects of the Trump administration's tariffs on steel and aluminum under the Section 232 remedy and tariffs on imports from China under the Section 301 on employment in the U.S.According to the empirical results, the tariffs have the effect of increasing employment through the protection of domestic industries. Moreover, looking at the effect of tariff imposition on industrial production, we find that it has the effect of reducing industrial production through both protecting domestic industries and imposing retaliatory tariffs.(the rest omitted)

Suggested Citation

  • Gusang Kang, Gusang Kang & Kim, Jonghyuk & Rim, Jeewoon & Yoon, Yeo Joon, 2022. "신보호주의하에서 미국의 대외경제정책 평가와 방향(Evaluation and Direction of U.S. International Economic Policies under Neo-Protectionism)," Policy Analyses 21-6, Korea Institute for International Economic Policy.
  • Handle: RePEc:ris:kieppa:2021_006
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    Keywords

    무역정책; 산업정책; Trade policy; industrial policy;
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