아프리카 보건의료 분야 특성 분석 및 한국의 개발협력 방안(Analysis of the Healthcare Sector in Africa and its Policy Implication for Korea)

최근 한국의 대외관계에서 아주 큰 변화 중 하나로 공적개발원조(ODA) 확대를 들 수 있는데, 특히 아프리카에 대한 ODA 비중이 가파르게 확대되고 있다. 2010년까지만 해도 한국의 개발원조에서 아프리카가 차지하는 비중은 15%에 머물렀으나, 국제개발에서 한국의 역할이 강조되면서 2019년에는 그 비중이 25%로 확대되었다. 이러한 한국의 개발원조 확대와 코로나19 대응을 위한 국제원조의 연대 등이 결부되면서 아프리카 보건의료 분야에 대한 ODA의 지속적인 확대가 예상된다. One of the main changes in Korea’s foreign affairs in recent years is the expansion of Official Development Assistance (ODA), especially in Africa, which is rapidly expanding. Korea’s ODA to Africa in 2010 was 15% of its total ODA, and it rose to 25% in 2019 as Korea emphasized its role in international development. As Korea’s expansion of ODA and solidarity in international development aid to respond to COVID-19 are related, the expansion of ODA in the African healthcare sector is anticipated to continue. This study analyzed features of the healthcare sector in Africa in an effort to suggest various plans for development cooperation that are based on an evaluation of Korea’s ODA project design to enable the effective provision of ODA. The contents of the paper are as follows. Chapter 2 examines the five major diseases in Africa and various features of the healthcare sector, such as infrastructure, administrative systems, governance, and policies. The five main diseases in Africa that cause death or burden of disease are neonatal diseases, HIV/AIDS, lower respiratory tract infections, diarrhea diseases, and malaria, and similar Executive SummaryExecutive Summary • 313results were found in Korea’s five priority partner countries: Ethiopia, Ghana, Senegal, Uganda, and Tanzania. In these five countries, heavy funding from the international community has caused rapid declines in infection rates of, for example, HIV/AIDS and malaria, whereas neonatal conditions and cardiovascular diseases, which have not received similar levels of funding, have exhibited either slow declines or increases. In the case of neonatal conditions, it is essential to have healthcare personnel who can manage births and newborns, but deaths and the burden of disease from neonatal conditions are high due to a lack of healthcare workers. In the case of cardiovascular diseases, deaths and the burden of disease have increased in Africa due to increased vascular diseases, such as high blood pressure and diabetes, as well as overweight and obesity rates.(the rest omitted)