WTO 체제 개혁과 한국의 다자통상정책 방향(Reshaping the Multilateral Trade Policy for Korea)

GATT 체제를 대신해 1995년 출범한 WTO 체제는 어려운 가운데 DDA라 는 다자무역협상을 출범시켰다. 그러나 DDA가 17년이 넘도록 가시적 성과를 도출하지 못하면서 WTO 다자무역체제에 대한 신뢰가 손상되고 있다. 그러나 그동안 WTO의 성과가 전혀 없었던 것은 아니다. 복수국간협상이긴 하지만 WTO 출범 이후 정보기술협정(ITA) 및 정부조달협정(GPA)의 타결을 통해 상품시장 개방이 확대되었고, 서비스 및 지재권 분야의 무역규범도 안정적으로 정착되었다. 이를 통해 세계 상품교역은 양적으로 3배 이상 증가하였으며, 개도국의 상품시장 점유율도 WTO가 출범한 1995년 28%에서 2017년 43%로 증가하였다. The World Trade Organization (WTO), launched in 1995 as a successor of the GATT system, has ambitiously begun its first multilateral trade negotiation round, Doha Development Agenda (DDA) in 2001. Since then, notwithstanding with its great ambition, the DDA has failed to draw visible results for more than 17 years, and hence confidence in the WTO-centered multilateral trading system has been declining accordingly. Nevertheless, there are some of the accomplishments of the WTO. The liberalization of the commodity markets has expanded and deepened through the conclusions of plurilateral negotiations under the WTO such as the Information Technology Agreement (ITA) and the Government Procurement Agreement (GPA), and rules in service and intellectual property rights have been set-out and established. As a result of these achievements, the volume of global commodity trade has increased by more than three times, and the market share of developing countries has also increased from 28% in 1995 to 43% in 2017. The expansion of the number of member states is another achievement of the WTO. Although such expansion may have increased the difficulties and complexity of decision making in the WTO, it is clear that the expansion of new business opportunities by successfully incorporating developing countries into the global economy and applying unified WTO rules and standards is an achievement of the WTO. Along with the strengthening of the dispute settlement system, the Agreement on Trade Facilitation (TFA) and its implementation are the greatest achievements of the WTO system. The Trade Facilitation Agreement is the first multilateral trade agreement concluded after the establishment of the WTO and the launch of the DDA negotiations, while the Information Technology Agreement and the Government Procurement Agreement are plurilateral agreements. Economically, it is expected of the increase in exports by more than $ 1 trillion, the creation of 20 million export-related jobs, and the increase in the world's GDP by about $ 960 billion due to the reduction of trade costs and the improvement of trade environment.