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저성장 시대의 고용확대 정책: 유럽 주요국의 사례 및 실증분석을 중심으로 (Employment Policy in Low Growth Period: Case and Emprical Studies of European Countries )

Author

Listed:
  • Kang , Yoo-Duk

    (Korea Institute for International Economic Policy)

  • Lee , Cheol-Won

    (Korea Institute for International Economic Policy)

  • Oh , Tae Hyun

    (Korea Institute for International Economic Policy)

  • Lee , Hyun Jean

    (Korea Institute for International Economic Policy)

  • Kim , Junyup

    (Korea Institute for International Economic Policy)

Abstract

Korean Abstract: 본 연구는 유럽 주요국의 고용정책 방향과 내용을 분석하고, 고용유지 및 창출에 초점을 둔 지원정책을 연구함으로써 청년, 여성 및 고령층의 국내 고용률 제고정책 강화에 기여하는데 목적을 두고 있다. 현재 한국이 직면하고 있는 고용률 제고 문제는 1990~2000년대 유럽 국가들이 직면한 문제와 유사한 측면이 있다. 당시 유럽 각국은 고속성장을 기대할 수 없는 상황에서 실업률 감소 및 고용률 제고를 위해 다양한 정책을 실시한 바 있다. 현재 고용정책의 성과에 대한 엇갈린 의견에도 불구하고 EU의 평균 고용률이 69%로 한국보다 높은 수준이며 일부 국가의 경우 고용개혁과 정책추진을 통해 고용률을 대폭 높이는데 성공했다는 평가를 받고 있다. 한국의 경우 국제적인 차원에서 실업률은 3.7%로 OECD 회원국 중 노르웨이 다음으로 낮으며, OECD 평균 실업률의 절반에도 미치지 않는 양호한 수준을 기록하고 있다. 그러나 고용률의 경우에는 65.3%로 OECD 평균에 다소 못 미치고 있으며, OECD의 선진회원국들과 비교할 때 그 격차는 더 크게 나타나고 있다. 즉 실업률과 고용률의 괴리가 크다는 점이 한국이 직면한 고용시장에서의 문제점이라 할 수 있다. 또한 취약계층이라 할 수 있는 청년, 여성의 고용률이 매우 낮게 나타나고 있는 점도 시급한 개선이 요구된다. 이를 위해 한국 정부는 '고용률 70% 로드맵'과 '경제혁신 3개년 계획' 등을 통해 2017년까지 고용률을 70%로 끌어올리는 것을 목표를 세웠다. 그리고 이 목표를 달성하기 위해 다양한 방안이 모색되었으며, 그 중에서도 '시간제 일자리 확충'이 핵심이다. 향후 5년간 240만개 일자리를 새롭게 늘리는데, 이중 38%인 93만개 일자리를 시간제 일자리로 채우겠다는 구상이다. 또한 육아휴직제, 보육시설 증설 등 일과 가족생활이 양립 가능하도록 하는 사회적 여건 조성과 양성평등 문화 확산을 통해 여성고용률을 제고한다는 계획이다. 그렇다면 EU는 고용률 제고 전략과 정책은 어떠한 특징을 갖고 있는가. EU차원에서 제시되는 고용정책과 전략이 EU회원국들의 정책방향을 가늠하게 하는 중요한 가이드라인을 제시하기 때문에 회원국별 청년, 여성 및 고령층 고용제고 정책에 앞서 살펴보는 것도 의미가 있다고 할 수 있다. EU차원에서 강조되는 고용정책의 주요 특징은 적극적노동시장정책, 직업교육훈련, 견습제도로 요약된다. English Abstract: This report suggests policy implications to enhance the employment of youth, women and the elderly by analyzing the European countries' employment policies and researching a variety of policies for job maintenance. Currently Korea is facing with employment problems as the European countries did during 1990s and 2000s. Based on the situation where the European countries could not achieve high economic growth over the same period, they had implemented various policies to reduce unemployment rate and increase employment rate. As a result, the employment rate of the EU is at around 69%, higher level than Korea, Moreover, some of the European countries have been successfully improving their employment rates beyond the expectation by implementing labour reforms and policies. It is important to take a look at the Korean labour market for the meaningful comparison before analyzing the European countries' cases. The unemployment rate of Korea is 3.7%, the second lowest following Norway, and even lower than half of the OECD average. However, the employment rate of Korea is around 64.3%, which is a little lower than the OECD average, and compared to those of developed countries, the gap would get even wider. In other words, the fact that the gap between unemployment rate and employment rate is great could be the imminent problem, which the Korean government should tackle with. Also, the improvement of the employment of the vulnerable groups, including youth, women, and seniors, is one of the priorities. Accordingly, the Korean government plans to boost the employment rate to 70% by 2017 through "70% Employment Rate Roadmap, 2014-2017" and "Three-year Economic Plan." In a related-move, the Korean government aims to increase more than 2.38 million jobs through part-time work, the flexible type of work. To this end, the government plans to create about 930,000 part-time jobs. And in particular, the balance between life and work through child-care leave and child-care services and the expansion of social awareness on gender equality might be expected to better improve the women employment. Then, what features of the European Union (EU)'s strategy and policies to increase the employment rate are. Before we research European countries' employment policies on the youth, women and the elderly, we should reflect on the EU's employment strategy and policies.

Suggested Citation

  • Kang , Yoo-Duk & Lee , Cheol-Won & Oh , Tae Hyun & Lee , Hyun Jean & Kim , Junyup, 2015. "저성장 시대의 고용확대 정책: 유럽 주요국의 사례 및 실증분석을 중심으로 (Employment Policy in Low Growth Period: Case and Emprical Studies of European Countries )," Policy Analyses 15-21, Korea Institute for International Economic Policy.
  • Handle: RePEc:ris:kieppa:2015_021
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    Cited by:

    1. Kang, Yoo-Duk, 2021. "Determinants of Youth Unemployment: Empirical Analysis of OECD and EU Member Countries," Journal of Economic Development, The Economic Research Institute, Chung-Ang University, vol. 46(3), pages 111-133, September.

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