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북·중 분업체계 분석과 대북 경제협력에 대한 시사점 (Economic Cooperation between North Korea and China, and Implications for Inter-Korean Economic Cooperation)

Author

Listed:
  • Choi , Jangho

    (Korea Institute for International Economic Policy)

  • Kim , Junyoung

    (Korea Institute for International Economic Policy)

  • Im , So Jeong

    (Korea Institute for International Economic Policy)

  • Choi , Yoojeong

    (Korea Institute for International Economic Policy)

Abstract

Korean Abstract: 중국은 2002~11년 중 연평균 9%가 넘는 고도성장을 거듭해 왔으며, 북한은 무역을 통해 중국 고성장의 혜택을 입으며 경제 안정기를 누렸다. 2000년대 북한은 무연탄과 철광석 수출을 통해 1990년대의 경제난을 극복하고 중국과의 경제협력을 성장의 동력으로 활용하기 시작한다. 중국경제에 대한 의존도는 중국에 대한 자원수출 확대로 경제성장을 추구하려는 북한의 내적인 동인과 국제사회의 대북제재라는 외부요인에 따라 빠르게 심화되었다. 그런 가운데 2012년부터 중국의 경제성장 둔화가 북․중 무역의 구조적인 변화를 야기하면서 북․중간 경협은 새로운 전환기를 맞이하고 있다. 본 연구는 중국의 성장 둔화로 인한 북․중 교역환경 변화가 북․중 경제협력에 미치는 영향을 분석하는 것을 목적으로 하고 있다. 2000년대 중국 경제성장의 수혜로 경제안정을 누리던 북한의 경제와 무역이 현재 어떤 모습을 하고 있는지 점검하고, 2012년부터 시작된 중국경기 둔화가 새로운 도약을 꿈꾸는 북한에게 어떤 영향을 미치는 지를 분석하였다. 이를 위해 북․중 경제협력을 국경을 마주한 국가 간 분업체계로 의제하고, 분업체계 형성과 심화 요인을 이론적으로 규명한 뒤, 중국 중앙정부와 랴오닝 및 지린 지방정부가 경기둔화의 충격을 완화하기 위해 시행한 일련의 정책으로부터 이런 요인이 어떤 영향을 받아 북․중 분업체계 형태를 변화시켜가는지 밝혔다. 본 연구가 갖는 차별성은 자료와 방법론에 있다. 먼저 연구 자료는 기존 연구에서 사용되지 않던 새로운 중국 세관별 북․중 무역자료를 분석하였다. 이를 통해 북․중 무역이 단순교역에서 위탁가공과 중간재 교역으로 발전하는 질적인 변화를 보이고 있으며, 북한이 국제사회의 대북제재에 대응하여 무역의 일부를 중국을 경유한 대한, 대일 무역으로 우회하고 있을 가능성을 밝혔다. 연구방법에서는 북․중 경협을 분석하는 이론적 틀을 제시하고, 수차례에 걸쳐 중국 현지조사를 실시함으로써 차별화 하였다. English Abstract: From 2002 to 2011 China has maintained an average annual growth of over 9%, and North Korea as a result enjoyed economic stability benefiting from China's growth. In the 2000s North Korea goes beyond overcoming economic difficulties in the 1990s through anthracite and iron ore export, and begins to utilize its economic cooperation with China as a tool for its economic growth. Its dependency on Chinese economy quickly intensified due to the internal motivation for North Korea's aspiration of economic growth through expansion of resource exports to China as well as external motivational factor of intranational economic sanctions. However, beginning from 2010, North Korea and China's economic cooperation faced a turning-point. China's economic slowdown induced a structural change in North Korea–China trade since 2012 and led to a new pattern of North Korea-China relations. This research aims to analyze the effect that recently facilitated North Korea and China's economic relations have on North Korean economy and find the implications this has on inter-Korean economic integration and the development of Northeast Asian economic community. For thorough analysis of the economic cooperation between North Korea and China, we defined what exactly international economic cooperation stands for, theorized various factors that create and facilitate this cooperation, and analyzed how changes in trade environment and China's economic policy towards North Korea due to China’s economic slowdown impacts these various factors in terms of North Korea China trade and economic cooperation projects. The originality of this research is in the data and methodology it adapts. The Chinese customs data from 2010 to 2014, consisted of 8 digit HS code product level list by year, country, import and export, custom districts, as well as customs regime categories enabled us to analyze the qualitative change in North Korea-China trade from simple trade to higher shares of process trade and intermediate goods trade. As for the methodology, we have provided a theoretical framework analyzing the division of labor between countries and fieldwork results. Our theoretical framework delineates the sectors and incentives where international economic cooperation occurs which is used in our analysis of the North Korea-China economic cooperation. As for the fieldwork, we tried to enhance the quality of the research by interviewing people who are indirectly and directly involved in trade and business with North Korea in the Chinese border region.

Suggested Citation

  • Choi , Jangho & Kim , Junyoung & Im , So Jeong & Choi , Yoojeong, 2015. "북·중 분업체계 분석과 대북 경제협력에 대한 시사점 (Economic Cooperation between North Korea and China, and Implications for Inter-Korean Economic Cooperation)," Policy Analyses 15-13, Korea Institute for International Economic Policy.
  • Handle: RePEc:ris:kieppa:2015_013
    DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2778444
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